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Commit (data management)

In the context of computer science and data management, commit refers to the idea of making a set of tentative changes permanent. A popular usage is at the end of a transaction. A commit is the act of committing.

A COMMIT statement in SQL ends a transaction within a relational database management system (RDBMS) and makes all changes visible to other users. The general format is to issue a BEGIN WORK statement, one or more SQL statements, and then the COMMIT statement. Alternatively, a ROLLBACK statement can be issued, which undoes all the work performed since BEGIN WORK was issued. A COMMIT statement will also release any existing savepoints that may be in use.

In terms of transactions, the opposite of commit to discard the tentative changes of a transaction, a rollback.


See also

  • Two-phase commit
  • Atomic commit


References

United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism

The United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ) is the primary organization of synagogues practicing Conservative Judaism in North America. It closely works with the Rabbinical Assembly, the international body of Conservative Rabbis, the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, and the Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies [1].


History

The United Synagogue was founded in 1913 by Rabbi Dr. Solomon Schechter on the principle that through cooperation they could both develop and perpetuate Conservative Judaism.<ref>From the Beginning…</ref>


Role and Description

The USCJ has over 800 congregations. The USCJ works in the fields of Jewish education, youth activities, congregational standards and action and Israel affairs, and published the magazine United Synagogue Review.


Projects

The United Synagogue sponsors a youth group, United Synagogue Youth (USY). There are chapters all over the United States and Canada.

The USCJ sponsors Koach, the organization for Conservative Judaism on college campuses.

The USCJ sponsors Project Reconnect. Project Reconnect seeks to reconnect alumni of USY, Atid, Koach, Nativ, the Conservative Yeshiva, Camp Ramah, the Solomon Schechter schools, the Leadership Training Fellowship, and other Conservative movement programs.

Project Reconnect’s mission is to reinvolve, reinvigorate, and reconnect the very many Jewish adults who were touched by the Conservative movement’s programs for teenagers, college students and young adults.


See also

  • Conservative Judaism
  • United Synagogue Youth
  • KOACH, the college outreach arm of USCJ
  • Jewish Theological Seminary of America
  • Rabbinical Assembly
  • Solomon Schechter Day School Association
  • Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies


External links

  • The United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism
  • Koach - Conservative Judaism on College Campus


References

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Locks Heath F.C.

Locks Heath F.C. is a football club based in Fareham suburb of Locks Heath, Hampshire, England. They won the Hampshire League title in 1991. Currently, they are members of the Hampshire Premier League Division One. They play their home games at The Recreation Ground, found on Hunts Pond Road. They play in red and black shirts


External links

  • Club website

Master Key

Master Key is a pricing game on the American television game show The Price Is Right. Debuting on March 25, 1983, it is played for three prizes – a car, and two other prizes (worth at least $500). This game also uses two small prizes (worth less than $100).


Gameplay

The contestant is shown two small prizes, one at a time, each with a three-digit number displayed. The contestant must decide whether the first two digits or the last two digits (eg: $46 or $68 if 468 was displayed) are the correct price. A correct choice wins the prize and a choice of one of five keys. If the contestant fails to win any keys, the game immediately ends.

Each of the five keys has a different effect on the three locks which represent the car and two other prizes in the game. There is one key for each of the three locks, one “dud” key that opens nothing, and one “master key” that opens all three locks.

The contestant inserts their chosen key into each of the locks, one at a time, to see which lock it opens, if any. The contestant wins the prizes represented by any locks that are opened. If the contestant has won two keys, the process is repeated with the second key, unless the first was the master key and all three locks are already open.

The only way to win all three prizes in Master Key is to choose the master key. If a contestant has the master key, it will be obvious after it opens more than one lock. If a key opens the first lock, the contestant will usually be told to skip right to the third lock for the car to add to the excitement if the lock opens.


Behind the scenes

The “unlocking” mechanism for the prizes is controlled by the position of magnets in the keys. The three single-prize keys have one magnet each, all in different spots; the master key has magnets in all three spots; and the “dud” key has no magnets.


See also

  • The Price Is Right
  • List of The Price Is Right pricing games

Bored cylindrical lock

A bored cylindrical lock is one in which two holes are bored, perpendicular to one another, into the door. A large hole is bored into the door face and a smaller crossbore hole is bored into the door edge, as opposed to a mortise lock prep cut into the edge of the door. Typically, the face hole is sized from 1.5 inches to 2.125 inches (3.8 to 5.4 cm) and is centered at 2.375 inches or 2.75 inches (6.0 cm or 7.0 cm) from the leading edge of the door, this distance is referred to as the backset. Other, less popular, backsets are at 3.75 and 5 inches (9.5 and 12.7 cm). Residential doors are normally prepared for a 2.375 inch (6.0 cm) backset and commercial doors at a 2.75 inch (7 cm) backset.


History

The cylindrical lock was invented by Walter Schlage in 1909.

The bored cylindrical lock arose from a need for a more cost-effective method of locking doors. The previous norm, the mortise lock, is a more complex device, and its higher manufacturing cost as well as its more labor intensive installation make the bored cylindrical lock an ideal substitute, both in price and functionality.


Currently

The great majority of locks now in use on residences in North America are a variation of the cylindrical lock and are known as tubular chassis locks. Generally, they are not as strong as a cylindrical lock.


External links

  • How Locks Work from How Stuff Works

Canal pound

A canal pound is the stretch of level water impounded between two canal locks. Canal pounds can vary in length from the non-existent, where two or more immediately adjacent locks form a lock staircase, to many miles.


History

Pounds came into being with the development of Pound locks to replace the earlier flash locks. A key feature of pound locks was that the intervening level between locks remained largely constant, as opposed to the varible levels created by the opening of flash locks.


Types of pound

Pounds can be described in various ways according to their situation;


Summit pound

A summit pound is formed at a summit on the canal, and where all the defining locks descend from the pound. Summit pounds are particularly important in canal design, as every boat entering or leaving the pound causes a loss of water. Summit pounds therefore need an independent form of water supply, which may take the form of weirs on adjacent rivers, reservoirs or pumping stations. Common practice during canal design was to make summit pounds as large as practically possible, in order that losing a lockful of water would not lower the water level too significantly. The Rochdale Canal is a good example of a canal with a relatively short summit pound, which requires restrictions on lock workings at certain times.


Sump pound

The inverse of a summit pound is a sump pound. In contrast to a summit pound, a sump pound is a point where every boat entering or leaving the pound causes an addition of water.


Lock pound

A pound which lies between two locks which lie only a short distance apart. Water levels in the pound are liable to fluctuate as the locks are used.


Side pound

A particular type of extremely short lock pound, which is extended sideways to make up for the short distance between locks so as to avoid excessive level fluctuations. Side pounds should not be confused with side ponds (without the u).

Salmon Bay

Salmon Bay is that part of the Lake Washington Ship Canal–which passes through the city of Seattle, linking Lake Washington to Puget Sound–that lies west of the Fremont Cut. It is the westernmost section of the canal, and empties into Shilshole Bay, which is part of Puget Sound. Because of the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks, the smaller, western half of the bay is salt water, and the eastern half is fresh water (though not without saline contamination–see Lake Union). Before construction of the Ship Canal, Salmon Bay was entirely salt water.

East of the locks, Salmon Bay is spanned by the Ballard Bridge, a bascule bridge that carries 15th Avenue traffic between Ballard and Interbay. West of the locks, it is spanned by the Salmon Bay Bridge that carries the BNSF Railway railroad tracks.

Salmon Bay

Salmon Bay is that part of the Lake Washington Ship Canal–which passes through the city of Seattle, linking Lake Washington to Puget Sound–that lies west of the Fremont Cut. It is the westernmost section of the canal, and empties into Shilshole Bay, which is part of Puget Sound. Because of the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks, the smaller, western half of the bay is salt water, and the eastern half is fresh water (though not without saline contamination–see Lake Union). Before construction of the Ship Canal, Salmon Bay was entirely salt water.

East of the locks, Salmon Bay is spanned by the Ballard Bridge, a bascule bridge that carries 15th Avenue traffic between Ballard and Interbay. West of the locks, it is spanned by the Salmon Bay Bridge that carries the BNSF Railway railroad tracks.

Whilton Locks

Whilton Locks is the name of a flight of locks on the Grand Union Canal in the county of Northamptonshire in England.


External links

  • – Top Lock – Bottom Lock

Cylinder lock

A cylinder lock is a lock in constructed with a cylinder that a locksmith can easily unscrew to facilitate rekeying<ref>
</ref>. The cylinder may contain any of a variety of locking mechanisms, including the pin tumbler lock, the wafer tumbler lock and the disc tumbler lock.

The first main advantage to a cylinder lock is that the cylinder may be changed without altering the boltwork. Removing the cylinder requires only loosening a set screw, then unscrewing the cylinder from the boltwork. The second is that it is usually possible to obtain, from a lock manufacturer, cylinders in different formats that can all be used with the same type of key. This allows the user to have keyed-alike, and master-keyed systems that incorporate a wide variety of different types of lock, such as nightlatches, deadbolts and roller door locks. Typically, padlocks can also be included, although these rarely have removable cylinders.

Standardised types of cylinder include key-in-knobset cylinders, rim (also known as nightlatch) cylinders, Ingersoll format cylinders, American, and Scandinavian round mortise cylinders, and Scandinavian oval cylinders. There are also standardised cross-sectional profiles for lock cylinders that may vary in length; for example to suit different door thicknesses. These profiles include the europrofile (or DIN standard), the British oval profile and the Swiss profile.

Cruciform pin-tumbler locks may also use interchangeable cylinders, as do a few sophisticated lever locks.

Individually Keyed System (KD)
With an individually keyed system, each cylinder can be opened by its individual key.

Keyed Alike (KA)
This system allows for a number of cylinders to be operated by the same key. It is ideally suited to residential applications such as front and back doors.

Master Keyed (MK)
A master-keyed system involves each lock having its own individual key which will not operate any other lock in the system, but where all locks can be operated by a single master-key.

Grand Master Keyed (GMK)
This is an extension of the master-keyed system where each lock has its own individual key and the locks are divided into 2 or more groups. Each lock group is operated by a master-key and the entire system is operated by one grand master-key.

Common Entrance Suite (CES)
This system is widely used in apartments, office blocks and hotels. Each apartment (for example) has its own individual key which will not open the doors to any other apartments, but will open common entrance doors and communal service areas.


References

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Lock up period

A lock up period is a predetermined amount of time following an initial public offering during which employees and close associates of the company who are given shares are not allowed to sell those shares. Generally, a lock in period is a condition of exercising an employee stock option.

A lock up period may also be referred to as a lock in, locked in, lock out, locked out, or locked up period. Any one of these variations may be hyphenated, such as “lock-up period”, and variations with out or up may also be joined to form one word, such as “lockout period”.

Air lock

An air lock is gas trapped in a high point of a liquid-filled pipe system. The gas, being lighter than the liquid, rises to the highest point and restricts the flow of liquid. In very tall systems, the gas can prevent flow entirely.

Flushing the system with high flow or pressures can help move the gas away from the highest point, or a tap can be installed to permit the gas to be vented.


See also

  • fermentation lock, a brewing device
  • vapour lock, a gas bubble affecting fluid flow within a pipe

Data compaction

In telecommunication, data compaction is the reduction of the number of data elements, bandwidth, cost, and time for the generation, transmission, and storage of data without loss of information by eliminating unnecessary redundancy, removing irrelevancy, or using special coding.

Examples of data compaction methods are the use of fixed-tolerance bands, variable-tolerance bands, slope-keypoints, sample changes, curve patterns, curve fitting, variable-precision coding, frequency analysis, and probability analysis.

Simply squeezing noncompacted data into a smaller space, for example by increasing packing density or by transferring data on punched cards onto magnetic tape, is not data compaction.

Whereas data compaction reduces the amount of data used to represent a given amount of information, data compression does not.

The Mandala

The Mandala is a boulder problem in The Buttermilks, which is a popular bouldering area near Bishop, California. The problem climbs a steep prow on a large granite boulder and was considered a great project for many years before it was first climbed by Chris Sharma in early 2000. This ascent received much acclaim in the climbing community. Although Sharma did not rate the problem (jokingly, he stated that if he did, it would have been V16), it was thought by many to be hard V14 in the bouldering grading system. Over time, however, the grade was consolidated at V11 or V12. Since the first ascent, several holds have broken including one of the crux holds. The problem is now thought to be soft V12. It was given a sit-start by Tony Lamiche in 2002. The sit-start, aka The Mandalion is about V14/8B+. The Mandala is one of the most widely known boulder problems in the world. Other famous boulder problems include Dreamtime by Fred Nicole and The Wheel of Life by Dai Koyamada.

Conservative two-phase locking

In computer science, conservative two-phase locking (C2PL) is a locking method used in DBMS and relational databases.

Conservative 2PL prevents deadlocks.

The difference between 2PL and C2PL is that C2PL’s transactions obtain all the locks they need before the transactions begin. This is to ensure that a transaction that already holds some locks will not block waiting for other locks.

In heavy lock contention, C2PL reduces the time locks are held on average, relative to 2PL and Strict 2PL, because transactions that hold locks are never blocked.

In light lock contention, C2PL holds more locks than is necessary, because it is hard to tell what locks will be needed in the future, thus leads to higher overhead.

Also, a transaction will not even obtain any locks if it cannot obtain all the locks it needs in its initial request. Furthermore, each transaction needs to declare its read and write set (data items to be read/written during transaction), which is not always possible. Because of these limitations, C2PL is not used very frequently.

County Lock

County Lock is a lock on the River Kennet in Reading town centre in the English county of Berkshire. It was built between 1718 and 1723 under the supervision of the engineer John Hore of Newbury, and this stretch of the river is now administered by British Waterways and known as the Kennet Navigation.

County Lock is the shallowest of the locks on the Kennet, as boats only rise or fall about 30 cm (1 foot) in the lock. The main stream of the Kennet flows down the weir on the far side of the lock, whilst another arm of the Kennet disappears under the Bridge Street Roundabout.<ref></ref>


References

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See also

  • Locks on the Kennet and Avon Canal

D’Oyly Carte Island

D’Oyly Carte Island is a very small island in the River Thames, England, on the reach above Sunbury Lock and just below Shepperton Lock. It is located between Weybridge and Shepperton.

There is just one large house and garden on it. It has a small footbridge and offers mooring to small boats. The island was previously owned by Richard D’Oyly Carte, producer of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas in Victorian times, hence the name.

Pharaoh’s Island, owned by Admiral Nelson, is not far away just above Shepperton lock.


References

  • The River Thames Guide — About the Thames — Shepperton Lock

Locking

Locking can refer to:

  • Securing a physical object with a lock
  • Traversing a canal lock
  • an act of concurrency management in software
  • Locking, North Somerset, a village in the United Kingdom
  • Locking (dance), a style of funk dance invented in the early 1970s by Don Campbell
  • Fixing a mechanical object in place.
  • Joint locking in martial arts.


See also

  • Lock