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Locks on the River Thames

The River Thames falls 234 feet from Lechlade to Sea Level. Over the centuries the flow of water and the danger of flooding has been controlled by a series of Weirs on the River Thames. Weirs, however, presented an obstacle to navigation and to solve this problem Locks on the Thames were built alongside the weirs enabling boats to be moved easily up to the next higher level.

Locks were often built adjacent to islands and so are often situated in remote locations. Those close to main roads and towns tended to become magnets for spectators, while others are very difficut to find. When the motive power was provided by horses, a towpath was needed on the bank side. This towpath has formed the basis for the Thames Path.

There are 45 locks on the Thames. In upstream to downstream order, from source to sea, they are:

  • St John’s Lock — the highest lock on the river
  • Buscot Lock
  • Grafton Lock
  • Radcot Lock
  • Rushey Lock
  • Shifford Lock
  • Northmoor Lock
  • Pinkhill Lock
  • Eynsham Lock
  • King’s Lock
  • Godstow Lock
  • Osney Lock
  • Iffley Lock
  • Sandford Lock
  • Abingdon Lock
  • Culham Lock
  • Clifton Lock
  • Day’s Lock
  • Benson Lock
  • Cleeve Lock
  • Goring Lock
  • Whitchurch Lock
  • Mapledurham Lock
  • Caversham Lock
  • Sonning Lock
  • Shiplake Lock
  • Marsh Lock
  • Hambleden Lock
  • Hurley Lock
  • Temple Lock
  • Marlow Lock
  • Cookham Lock
  • Boulter’s Lock
  • Bray Lock
  • Boveney Lock
  • Romney Lock
  • Old Windsor Lock
  • Bell Weir Lock
  • Penton Hook Lock
  • Chertsey Lock
  • Shepperton Lock
  • Sunbury Lock
  • Molesey Lock
  • Teddington Lock — the last lock before the river becomes tidal
  • Richmond Lock — on the tidal Thames. Owned and operated by the Port of London Authority

Additionally, Blake’s Lock is located on a reach of the River Kennet that is administered as part of the River Thames, and is often counted as a Thames Lock.

All the locks on the Thames (including Blake’s Lock) are manned and, except for Richmond Lock, are owned and operated by the Environment Agency. The Environment Agency still has the two responsibilities of managing the flow of water to control flooding, and providing for navigation.


See also

  • Thames Barrier
  • Crossings of the River Thames
  • Weirs on the River Thames
  • Islands in the River Thames


External links

  • Environment Agency
  • Floating down the river

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Southcote Lock

Southcote Lock is a lock on the River Kennet at Southcote within the town of Reading in Berkshire, England.

Southcote Lock was built between 1718 and 1723 under the supervision of the engineer John Hore of Newbury, and this stretch of the river is now administered by British Waterways and known as the Kennet Navigation. It has a rise/fall of 5 ft 3 in (1.65 m).<ref> </ref>

The Victorian brick building that overseas Southcote Lock is the redundant Southcote Pumping Station which, when it opened in 1850, was the key to Reading’s demanding water needs.<ref></ref>


References

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See also

  • Locks on the Kennet and Avon Canal

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Cloudscape

Cloudscape may refer to:

  • Cloudscape (art), a depiction of clouds or sky
  • Cloudscape (photography), a photographic view of clouds or sky
  • Apache Derby, a Relational Database Management System, previously marketed as Cloudscape

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Air lock

An air lock is gas trapped in a high point of a liquid-filled pipe system. The gas, being lighter than the liquid, rises to the highest point and restricts the flow of liquid. In very tall systems, the gas can prevent flow entirely.

Flushing the system with high flow or pressures can help move the gas away from the highest point, or a tap can be installed to permit the gas to be vented.


See also

  • fermentation lock, a brewing device
  • vapour lock, a gas bubble affecting fluid flow within a pipe

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In re Debs

In re Debs, 158 U.S. 564 (1895)<ref>Full text of the decision courtesy of FindLaw</ref>, was a United States Supreme Court decision handed down concerning Eugene V. Debs and labor unions. Debs, president of the American Railroad Union, was involved in the Pullman Strike earlier in 1894 and challenged the federal injunction ordering the strikers back to work where they would face being fired. The injunction had been issued because of the hindering of transportation of U.S. Mail and the violent nature of the strike. However, Debs refused to end the strike and was subsequently cited for contempt of court; he appealed the decision to the courts.

The main question being debated was whether the federal government had a right to issue the injunction, which dealt with both interstate and intrastate commerce and shipping on rail cars. With an opinion written by Justice David Josiah Brewer, the court ruled in an unanimous decision in favor of the U.S. government. Joined by Chief Justice Melville Fuller and Associate Justices Stephen Johnson Field, John Marshall Harlan, Horace Gray, Henry Billings Brown, George Shiras, Jr., Howell Edmunds Jackson, and Edward Douglass White, the court ruled that the government had a right to regulate interstate commerce and ensure the operations of the Postal Service, along with a responsibility to “ensure the general welfare of the public.”


See also

  • List of United States Supreme Court cases


External links

<references/>

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Currency transaction report

A currency transaction report (CTR) is a report that U.S. financial institutions are required to file for each deposit, withdrawal, exchange of currency, or other payment or transfer, by, through, or to the financial institution which involves a transaction in currency of more than $10,000. Used in this context, currency means the coin and/or paper money of any country that is designated as legal tender by the country of issuance. Currency also includes U.S. silver certificates, U.S. notes, Federal Reserve notes and official foreign bank notes.


History

When the first version of the CTR was introduced, the only way a suspicious transaction less than $10,000 was reported to the government was if a bank teller called law enforcement. This was primarily due to the financial industry’s concern about the right to financial privacy. On October 26, 1986, with the passage of the Money Laundering Control Act, the right to financial privacy was no longer an issue. As part of the Act, Congress had stated that a financial institution could not be held liable for releasing suspicious transactional information to law enforcement. As a result, the next version of the CTR had a suspicious transaction check box at the top. This was in effect until April 1996 when the Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) was introduced.


Procedure

When a transaction involving more than $10,000 in cash is processed, most banks have a system that automatically creates a CTR electronically. Tax and other information about the customer is usually pre-filled by the bank software. CTRs since 1996 include an optional checkbox at the top if the bank employee believes the transaction to be suspicious or fraudulent. Unlike the Suspicious Activity Report (SAR), a customer is always informed about the need to file a CTR before the transaction is completed. However, a customer is not directly told about the $10,000 threshold unless they initiate the inquiry. A customer may decline to continue the transaction upon being informed about the CTR, but this would increase the likelihood of a bank employee filing a SAR. Once a customer presents or asks to withdraw more than $10,000 in currency, the decision to continue the transaction must continue as originally requested and may not be reduced to avoid the filing of a CTR. For instance, if a customer reneges on their initial request to deposit or withdraw more than $10,000 in cash, and instead requests the same transaction for $9,999, the bank employee should deny such a request and continue the transaction as originally requested by filing a CTR. This is known as structuring, and is punishable by federal law against both the customer and the bank employee. Informed individuals who structure their transactions at an amount near, but not over $10,000 could have their accounts closely monitored by tellers and bank staff to see if a pattern emerges that could warrant the filing of a SAR.


External links

  • FinCEN Form 104, Currency Transaction Report
  • Currency Transaction Report Tutorial

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Okeechobee Waterway

The Okeechobee Waterway is a man-made waterway stretching from Fort Myers on the west coast to Stuart on the east coast of Florida. It was built/finished in 1937 to provide a water route across Florida, allowing boats to pass east–west across the state rather than travelling the long route around the southern end of the state.


External links

  • USACE Okeechobee Waterway Website

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Write protect notch

  1. REDIRECTWrite protection

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Tribometer

A tribometer is an instrument that measures friction on a surface via a multitude of methods, one which is a ball sliding on the reference surface and giving a relative friction value (called ball on disc).

A tribotester is the general name given to a machine or device used to perform tests and simulations of wear, friction and lubrication which are the subject of the study of tribology. Often tribotesters are extremely specific in their function and are fabricated by manufacturers who desire to test and analyze the long-term performance of their products. An example is that of orthopedic implant manufactures who have spent considerable sums of money to develop tribotesters that accurately reproduce the motions and forces that occur in human hip joints so that they can perform accelerated wear tests of their products.

However, the original method is an apparatus that includes a hanging mass and a standing mass that connects the two masses with a pulley (Refer to Diagram 1). µstatic , the coefficient of friction, which is a constant that is needed to determine the friction force and solve for the force needed to overcome it, can be measured through this apparatus.

The general equation for the friction force is the Ff = µstaticN,
N being the normal force which is equal to the weight or mg (mass x gravity) of the sitting mass.

Thus, in this apparatus, the coefficient of friction is determined primarily by two things:
the tension of the rope or string connecting the two passes through the pulley and the weight of the hanging mass.

Let’s refer to the hanging mass as mH and the mass on the reference surface or perhaps a flat elevated surface as mT. Since the static friction is the coefficient that determines the needed force to move a certain object, there is no acceleration on the sitting object and means that the tension of the string of the sitting object mT is equal to the friction force and the friction force is then equal to the weight of the hanging object because currently, the apparatus is not moving. Thus, Ff should equal W, or weight.

Since ‘Ff is defined as µstaticN, we must substitute for the value N, the normal force. Because the sitting object is not sinking through the surface or floating up, it is safe to assume that N = mg, the weight of the object.

Therefore, the total friction force is µstaticmTg = Ff. Now, if the friction force is equal to the weight of the hanging object, we can set the two values together.

µstaticmTg = mHg and thus, the value for µstatic is equal to ratio of two masses, the hanging mass over the sitting mass.

µstatic = mHg/mTg

In short, the tribometer measures the coefficient of static friction or the force needed to have a certain object move on a certain surface.


External links

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Sisai block

Sisai block , one of the eleven administrative blocks of Gumla district, Jharkhand state, India, has a population (1991 census) of 75,738. The block comprises eighty-eight villages.

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Kensington Security Slot

A Kensington Security Slot (also called a K-Slot or Kensington lock) is a small hole found on almost all small or portable computer and electronics equipment, particularly on expensive and relatively light ones: laptops and LCDs, and even some larger electronics, such as a number of Dell PCs and Microsoft’s Xbox 360 gaming console. It is used for attaching a lock, in particular those from Kensington Computer Products Group, who are its originators.

Locks are generally secured in place with a key or some mechanical PIN device and attached through a rubberised metal cable. The end of the cable has a small loop which allows the whole cable to be looped around a permanent object, such as a heavy table or other similar equipment, thus securing it in place.

Kensington locks aren’t designed to be a solid protection measure. As most computer equipment cases are generally made of plastic or thin metal, the lock can be torn out, heavily damaging the case. However, potential thieves trying to resell such stolen equipment would probably fail to do so: the broken Kensington lock hole could give them away. The Kensington lock is a good solution for busy offices, coffee shops and libraries, as it is often used as a deterrent to prevent opportunist theft. However, given enough time and/or proper tools (such as a locked laptop being left alone in an empty room), thieves can still circumvent it.

Several manufacturers offer similar locking mechanisms that don’t require a special lock hole. They attach to a popular port, such as the VGA or printer port and have special screws to secure locks in place. These mechanisms are more universal, but occupy one port, so they’re used mostly when Kensington lock slots are not available. Most laptops manufactured since 2000 are fitted with a Kensington lock slot.


Gallery

Lock slot

Connected

The lock itself


See also

  • Physical security
  • Computer security


External links

  • Hardware Specifications from Kensington Technology Group
  • Video showing how to open the lock using a toilet roll, pen and a bit of tape.

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Conservative two-phase locking

In computer science, conservative two-phase locking (C2PL) is a locking method used in DBMS and relational databases.

Conservative 2PL prevents deadlocks.

The difference between 2PL and C2PL is that C2PL’s transactions obtain all the locks they need before the transactions begin. This is to ensure that a transaction that already holds some locks will not block waiting for other locks.

In heavy lock contention, C2PL reduces the time locks are held on average, relative to 2PL and Strict 2PL, because transactions that hold locks are never blocked.

In light lock contention, C2PL holds more locks than is necessary, because it is hard to tell what locks will be needed in the future, thus leads to higher overhead.

Also, a transaction will not even obtain any locks if it cannot obtain all the locks it needs in its initial request. Furthermore, each transaction needs to declare its read and write set (data items to be read/written during transaction), which is not always possible. Because of these limitations, C2PL is not used very frequently.

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Phase

A phase is one point or portion in a recurring series of changes. Phase or phases may also refer to:


In science and engineering

  • Phase (matter), a physically distinctive form of a substance, such as the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of ordinary matter
  • Phase (systems), in a complex system, a behaviour that emerges from the interactions of components at a small scale
  • The initial condition of a cyclic phenomenon
    • Phase (waves), initial angle of a sinusoid function at its origin
    • Continuous Fourier transform, angle of a complex coefficient representing the phase of one sinusoidal component
  • The current (time varying) state of a cyclic phenomenon
    • Lunar phase, the appearance of the Moon as viewed from the Earth
    • Planetary phase, the appearance of the illuminated section of a planet
    • Instantaneous phase, generalization for both cyclic and non-cyclic phenomena
  • Phase factor, a complex scalar in the context of quantum mechanics
  • Polyphase system, a means of distributing alternating current electric power in multiple conducting wires with definite phase offsets
    • Single-phase electric power
    • Three-phase electric power Basics of three-phase electric power
    • Three-phase Mathematics of three-phase electric power
  • In biology, a part of the cell cycle in which cells divide and reproduce
  • Phaser (effect), an audio effect.


In fiction

  • “Phases” (Buffy episode), an episode of the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer
  • Phases (.hack), fictional boss monsters from the .hack franchise
  • Phase, an incarnation of the DC Comics character usually known as Phantom Girl
  • Phase IV, a 1974 science fiction movie directed by Saul Bass


Other

  • Phase (syntax), a syntactic domain hypothesized by Noam Chomsky
  • Phase 10, a card game created by Fundex Games


See also

  • Faze
  • Phaser
  • Phasor
  • FASOR

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Leniwka

The Leniwka is a river, one of the branches of the Vistula. It flows in Poland to Gdańsk Bay, forming the southern border of Ostrow Island. The current is limited.

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Snakeholme Lock

Snakeholme Lock is a brick chamber canal lock on the Driffield Navigation, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is notable in being a staircase lock, but only the upper lock is still used.


Location

It is 0.5 mile (0.8 km) south east from the village of Wansford, and is approximately 17 miles (27 km) north of Kingston upon Hull city centre.


Situated on the Driffield Navigation

  • Next location upstream = Wansford bridge
  • Next location downstream = Brigham


History

Built during the construction of the Driffield Navigation after the Act of Parliament in 1767. It was the first lock reached on the new section of canal, and became the tidal limit on the navigation. A swing bridge reached over the bottom of the lock to allow the Yorkshire Keels to get through without lowering the mast.

Once regular trade started to use the new navigation, problems with low water were noticed. The tide on the River Hull does not easily push up the river due to sharp bends, and narrow sections, and so there was regularly not enough depth over the bottom gate cill.

To remedy this situation, a new chamber was built below the lock creating a Staircase lock. Since the lock was only needed to get the boats over the lower cill, the bottom lock only had a minimum rise, and would not even be needed on good spring tides, or during high river flows. A sluice was built into the side of the chamber to allow emptying, filling being performed from the lock above.

During the navigation improvements of 1803-1811, a new lock at Struncheon Hill was built, keeping a permanent high water level at the lock, and it would be unlikely the lower chamber was used after this.

Trade declined on the navigation, but some of the last cargoes were to the mills at Wansford, and so kept the lock going for a few more years than the rest of the canal. In 1967 a trip to the lock showed it unnavigable, but in reasonable condition.

At some point the swing bridge was replaced with a fixed structure.

Occasional working parties by the Driffield Navigation Ammeninties Association kept the worst of the vegetation at bay through the 1980s, but it was only in 2002 that a grant allowed work to restore the structure back to working conditions. When the lock was drained, the original swing bridge turntable casting was found in the mud and saved for historical interest.

On the 18 April 2003, the lock was reopened to traffic by the Mayor of Driffield. Several boats made the trip to “The Trout” pub in Wansford, but large amounts of silt and a trout farm located just above the lock have limited the numbers of boats using this stretch.


External links

  • Driffield Navigation Website

53°59′3.08″N 0°22′21.49″W

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General journal

The general journal is where double entry bookkeeping entries are recorded by debiting one account and crediting another account with the same amount. The amount debited and the amount credited should always be equal, thereby ensuring the accounting equation is maintained.

Depending on the business’s accounting information system, specialized journals may be used in conjunction with the general journal for record-keeping. In such case, use of the general journal may be limited to non-routine and adjusting entries.


Format

A general journal entry includes:

  1. The date of the transaction;
  2. Titles of the accounts debited and credited;
  3. The amount of each debit and credit; and,
  4. An explanation of the transaction also known as a Narration.


Example

Date General ledger account title Debit Credit
mm/dd/yyyy Phone expense $200
Cash $200

Explanation: To pay telephone bill

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