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Varistaipale canal

Varistaipale canal is a Finnish canal in Heinävesi. The canal is a part of Heinävesi route (Heinäveden reitti), a route with six canals: Kerma, Vihovuonne, Pilppa, Karvio, Taivallahti and Varistaipale canals. The canal was built in 1911–1913 and has four locks. It is the biggest canal in Finland being the only canal to have this many locks. The height of drop totals 14.5 meters and the length is 1,100 meters.

Next to the canal there is a canal museum.


See also

  • Saimaa canal, the longest canal in Finland


Sources

  • , Varistaipale canal, in Finnish
  • Heinäveden historia II (The History of Heinävesi II), 1989.

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Conservative two-phase locking

In computer science, conservative two-phase locking (C2PL) is a locking method used in DBMS and relational databases.

Conservative 2PL prevents deadlocks.

The difference between 2PL and C2PL is that C2PL’s transactions obtain all the locks they need before the transactions begin. This is to ensure that a transaction that already holds some locks will not block waiting for other locks.

In heavy lock contention, C2PL reduces the time locks are held on average, relative to 2PL and Strict 2PL, because transactions that hold locks are never blocked.

In light lock contention, C2PL holds more locks than is necessary, because it is hard to tell what locks will be needed in the future, thus leads to higher overhead.

Also, a transaction will not even obtain any locks if it cannot obtain all the locks it needs in its initial request. Furthermore, each transaction needs to declare its read and write set (data items to be read/written during transaction), which is not always possible. Because of these limitations, C2PL is not used very frequently.

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Xmouse

Xmouse is a system of mouse control used instead of the standard system of selection on computers (most notably Windows and Linux, where it is an option). Where normal mouse control uses single-click for selection and double-click to open/edit/etc, the xmouse system automatically selects objects after hovering the mouse over the object for a certain period of time (often one second). The context function, previously activated by double-clicking is activated by single-clicking. Double-clicking is made redundant by this system and is ignored. Operation of menus, text selection and other features remain unchanged.

Proponents of the xmouse system claim it has many advantages over the regular system of selection. Most notably, it requires much less effort on the part of the user to use the computer, and can be considerably faster once users have adjusted to the non-standard interface.

The two main disadvantages are the selection speed, and the non-standardness of the xmouse system. Firstly, there must be a minimum time for the cursor to hover over an icon before it is selected, or else all icons would be immediately selected. This ‘lag time’ reduces the maximum speed that xmouse can be used at, and could lead to annoying pauses. Secondly, as it is rarely used in the world, people who get used to the xmouse system might find it hard to adjust to using other computers, and vice versa.


See also

  • Computer mouse

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Balance lock

The balance lock was a type of lock to transport boats up and down a hillside on a canal.

Boats were to ride in caissons, essentially bathtubs, of water which were to be hauled up and down the hillside by chain, being balanced by another tub of water. It was patented by James Fussell during his work on the Dorset and Somerset Canal.


External links

  • Dorset and Somerset canal, with information on locks

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Conservative two-phase locking

In computer science, conservative two-phase locking (C2PL) is a locking method used in DBMS and relational databases.

Conservative 2PL prevents deadlocks.

The difference between 2PL and C2PL is that C2PL’s transactions obtain all the locks they need before the transactions begin. This is to ensure that a transaction that already holds some locks will not block waiting for other locks.

In heavy lock contention, C2PL reduces the time locks are held on average, relative to 2PL and Strict 2PL, because transactions that hold locks are never blocked.

In light lock contention, C2PL holds more locks than is necessary, because it is hard to tell what locks will be needed in the future, thus leads to higher overhead.

Also, a transaction will not even obtain any locks if it cannot obtain all the locks it needs in its initial request. Furthermore, each transaction needs to declare its read and write set (data items to be read/written during transaction), which is not always possible. Because of these limitations, C2PL is not used very frequently.

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Vieille Montagne

Vieille Montagne is the name of a former zinc mine in Kelmis (La Calamine), a town in Belgium between Liège and Aachen. The mine’s name is French for “the old mountain”, and this is also reflected in its German name, Altenberg. The mine was once a bone of contention between Germany on the one side and the Netherlands and later Belgium on the other, resulting in the mine and village becoming the neutral territory of Moresnet.

It was first opened in 1805 and continued in operation until the end of the 19th century.

The company opened a second zinc mine in Zinkgruvan in Sweden, which is still in operation. It also ran a harbour in Åmmeberg to ship the zinc.
The company also had mines in the UK in a village in Cumbria called Nenthead.

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Caversham Lock

Caversham Lock is a lock and weir situated on the River Thames in Reading, Berkshire, England. Caversham Lock includes a somewhat larger than normal lock island, also known as De Bohun Island, separating the lock from the weir.

The lock, weir and island is owned and managed by the Environment Agency. Besides a typical lock-keeper’s house, the island until recently contained a boat yard and boat house used by the Environment Agency’s river patrol and maintenance services. At the time of writing (December 1, 2004), controversial proposals to redevelop the island and some adjoining land as a hotel are under discussion.


Access to and across the lock

A public access exists across the lock gates, lock island and weir, forming a pedestrian route from the centre of Reading to the Lower Caversham area of the cross-river suburb of Caversham.


Reach above the lock

The river passes though the built up area of Reading under Reading Bridge and Caversham Bridge. The north bank passes through the suburb of Caversham before reaching open meadows, while on the south bank is Tilehurst and later Purley-on-Thames. The Thames Path follows the south bank to Mapledurham lock.


See also

  • Locks on the River Thames
  • Crossings of the River Thames
  • Islands in the River Thames


External links

  • Caversham Life, Living and Community

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Palifermin

Palifermin (Kepivance, Amgen) is a human recombinant keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) produced in Escherichia coli. When patients with blood cancers undergo high dose chemotherapy and radiation to undergo bone marrow transplant, they usually get severe oral mucositis. Palifermin binds to epithelial cell-surface receptors and stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation, and upregulation of cytoprotective mechanisms. It reduces the incidence and duration of severe oral mucitis by protecting those cells and stimulating the growth of new epithelial cells to build up the mucosal barrier.

Palifermin costs 5,000 Euros per treatment for a 70 kg patient <ref>NEW DRUGS in TRANSPLANTATION, EBMT Meeting, France, March 2007 C. PAILLET, Pharmacist, Pharm D. C. RENZULLO, Pharmacist, Pharm D. Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, FRANCE</ref>


References

<references/>

Spielberger R, Stiff P, Bensinger W, et al., Palifermin for oral mucositis after intensive therapy for hematologic cancers, N Engl J Med 2004;351:2590-8.

Garfunkel AA, Oral mucositis — the search for a solution. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2649-51.

Rosen LS, Abdi E, Davis ID, et al., Palifermin reduces the incidence of oral mucositis in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with fluorouracil-based chemotherapy, J Clin Oncol 2006;24:5194-5200.


External links

  • Kepivance™ homepage

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Rotary combination lock

A rotary combination lock is a lock commonly used to secure safes and as an unkeyed padlock mechanism. This type of locking mechanism consists of a single dial which must be rotated left and right in a certain combination in order to open the lock.

Contained inside the mechanism are discs, usually three, with notches that must be aligned to allow for a release of the piece holding the lock in place, and the lock to open. The position of the discs are manipulated by turning the dial left and right; on the dial is a catch - a sort of nub - and on each side of the discs is also a small catch. As the dial rotates, there will not be enough space for the catch on the dial to pass the catch on that side of the disc, and so the disc will begin to rotate with the dial. As this disc rotates, its catch will in turn begin rotating the next disc in a similar fashion. Once all discs and the dial are rotating together, the dial is rotated until the last disc is in place and the notch is in the proper positioning, then by rotating the dial in the other direction, the catches will all disconnect, starting from the dial to the first disc and so on until they connect from the other side and the discs begin to rotate together by the same method but in the opposite direction. In this way, the remaining discs are able to rotate and change their position without further disturbing the last disc. The process is completed back and forth until all discs are in place, and the lock is released.


See also

  • Combination lock


External links

  • How rotary combination locks work
  • Rotary combination lock cracker
  • Installing rotary combination locks
  • Matt Blaze’s paper Safecracking for Computer Scientists contains a detailed description, with photographs, of rotary combination locks and their security concerns

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Chicago Lock

Chicago Lock Co. is a lock manufacturer. Since 1933, it has sold a tubular lock marketed under the registered trademark “Ace.” Millions of Ace locks have been sold; for instance, these locks are used in Northwestern Corporation’s Triple Play bulk vending machine.

Chicago Lock was acquired in November 1999 by CompX.


External links

  • Chicago Lock Co. v. Fanberg

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Stasis Lock

Stasis Lock is a coma-like state that Transformers fall into when their body is damaged, their Energon reserves are depleted, or they are exposed to too much Energon radiation. Stasis Lock’s purpose is to prevent further damage or power depletion from occurring. Stasis Lock itself is not fatal, but the only way to recover from stasis lock is to use a CR Chamber.
Stasis lock was first mentioned in “Beast Wars pt 1″ when Megatron’s computer told him that there was too much Raw Energon on Earth, and that it could damage him along with the other Predacons (as well as the Maximals) after prolonged exposure.

Under dire circumstances, it is possible for a transformer to overide stasis lock and continue to function. However, this is an extremely risky move since any additional damage or energy depletion can be fatal. An example of this occurs in “Code of Hero” where Dinobot overides stasis lock to battle Megatron, despite his internal computer’s objections. Although Dinobot continued functioning long enough to disable Megatron, his energy reserves dropped below the point where stasis lock could save him. He died shortly after the other Maximals arrived.

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Parking pawl

A parking pawl is a device fitted to a car’s automatic transmission that locks up the transmission. It is engaged when the shift selector is placed in the Park position, which is always the first position (topmost on a column shift, frontmost on a floor shift) in all cars sold in the United States since 1965 (when the order was standardised by the SAE) and in most other vehicles worldwide.

The parking pawl locks the transmission’s output shaft to the transmission casing by engaging a pawl (a pin) that engages in a notched wheel on the shaft, stopping it (and thus the driven wheels) from turning.

Most manufacturers and mechanics do not recommend using the transmission’s parking pawl as the sole means of securing a parked car, instead recommending it should be used as a backup for the car’s parking brake. Constant use of the parking pawl only, especially when parking on an incline, means that driveline components are kept constantly under stress, and can cause wear and eventual failure of the parking pawl. Replacement can be an expensive operation since it generally requires removing the transmission from the car.

It is also not recommended to use the parking pawl to stop a vehicle in motion. The pawl mechanism is not strong enough to stop a vehicle in motion or may not engage at all. Under that much stress, the pawl may break off in the transmission, leading to costly repairs.

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  • Security.Org - Investigative Law Offices November 2, 2007 We will profile both security enhancements and vulnerabilities in locks, safes and related hardware as well as potential legal issues.
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  • White House High-Security Locks Broken: Bumped and Picked at A group of researchers has cracked the security features in what are supposed to be some of the world's most secure locks — locks that are used at the
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  • Windsor Locks Directory of governmental services, clubs, news and media sources and town information.
  • Windsor Locks Public Schools Information on Board of Education, sports programs and events, with links to schools in the district.
  • Safe locks: Kaba Mas: Kaba Mas, The Brand for Safe Locks. Kaba Mas is part of the world-wide Kaba Group and is the worlds's leading manufacturer and supplier of high security,

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Bored cylindrical lock

A bored cylindrical lock is one in which two holes are bored, perpendicular to one another, into the door. A large hole is bored into the door face and a smaller crossbore hole is bored into the door edge, as opposed to a mortise lock prep cut into the edge of the door. Typically, the face hole is sized from 1.5 inches to 2.125 inches (3.8 to 5.4 cm) and is centered at 2.375 inches or 2.75 inches (6.0 cm or 7.0 cm) from the leading edge of the door, this distance is referred to as the backset. Other, less popular, backsets are at 3.75 and 5 inches (9.5 and 12.7 cm). Residential doors are normally prepared for a 2.375 inch (6.0 cm) backset and commercial doors at a 2.75 inch (7 cm) backset.


History

The cylindrical lock was invented by Walter Schlage in 1909.

The bored cylindrical lock arose from a need for a more cost-effective method of locking doors. The previous norm, the mortise lock, is a more complex device, and its higher manufacturing cost as well as its more labor intensive installation make the bored cylindrical lock an ideal substitute, both in price and functionality.


Currently

The great majority of locks now in use on residences in North America are a variation of the cylindrical lock and are known as tubular chassis locks. Generally, they are not as strong as a cylindrical lock.


External links

  • How Locks Work from How Stuff Works

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Write-Write conflict

In computer science, in the field of databases, Write-Write Conflict, also known as overwriting uncommitted data is a computational anomaly associated with interleaved execution of transactions.

Given a schedule H

<math>H = \begin{bmatrix}
T1 & T2 \\
W(A) & \\ 

& W(B) \\

W(B) & \\
Com. & \\ 

& W(A)\\
& Com. \end{bmatrix}</math>

note that there is no read in this schedule. The writes are called blind writes.

We have a lost update. Any attempts to make this schedule serial would give off two different results (either T1’s version of A/B is shown, or T2’s version of A and B is shown), and would not be the same as the above schedule. This schedule would not be serializable.

Strict 2PL, overcomes this inconsistency by locking T1 out from B. Unfortunately, deadlocks are something Strict 2PL does not overcome all the time.


See also

  • Concurrency control
  • Read-Write conflict
  • Write-Read conflict

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Rotary combination lock

A rotary combination lock is a lock commonly used to secure safes and as an unkeyed padlock mechanism. This type of locking mechanism consists of a single dial which must be rotated left and right in a certain combination in order to open the lock.

Contained inside the mechanism are discs, usually three, with notches that must be aligned to allow for a release of the piece holding the lock in place, and the lock to open. The position of the discs are manipulated by turning the dial left and right; on the dial is a catch - a sort of nub - and on each side of the discs is also a small catch. As the dial rotates, there will not be enough space for the catch on the dial to pass the catch on that side of the disc, and so the disc will begin to rotate with the dial. As this disc rotates, its catch will in turn begin rotating the next disc in a similar fashion. Once all discs and the dial are rotating together, the dial is rotated until the last disc is in place and the notch is in the proper positioning, then by rotating the dial in the other direction, the catches will all disconnect, starting from the dial to the first disc and so on until they connect from the other side and the discs begin to rotate together by the same method but in the opposite direction. In this way, the remaining discs are able to rotate and change their position without further disturbing the last disc. The process is completed back and forth until all discs are in place, and the lock is released.


See also

  • Combination lock


External links

  • How rotary combination locks work
  • Rotary combination lock cracker
  • Installing rotary combination locks
  • Matt Blaze’s paper Safecracking for Computer Scientists contains a detailed description, with photographs, of rotary combination locks and their security concerns

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Amory Lock

The Amory Lock (formerly named Lock A) is part of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway. It is located close to Amory, Mississippi.

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Lock Martin

Lock Martin (February 22, 1916 - January 19, 1959) was the stage name of American actor Joseph Lockard Martin Jr. He was from Pennsylvania and had a series of odd jobs before going into acting. He was reportedly 7 foot 7 inches (about 231 cm) tall. If true, this makes him one of the tallest actors in history. He is today most remembered for playing Gort in The Day the Earth Stood Still. Although this was not his first acting job, he was working as a doorman at Grauman’s Chinese Theater when he was hired for the role of Gort. He was also in The Incredible Shrinking Man as a giant, but his scenes were deleted. He was married to Ethel Babcock.


Trivia

His unusual height did not translate into strength and in fact he had difficulty with managing his robot suit in The Day the Earth Stood Still. He also had trouble with scenes where he was intended to physically lift Patricia Neal. He also had a twin brother who died at birth. He was nicknamed “the Gentle Giant” as he liked reading stories to children and for a time had a local show devoted to that.


External links

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