He subsequently led hardliners out of the Likud with the hope of reviving the Herut political party founded by his father. With full support from former Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, Herut – The National Movement departed from the Likud and joined other right-wing parties to form an alliance opposing the Oslo Accords, the National Union. As a result of the National Union only earning four seats in the 1999 election, Begin resigned his seat and quit politics. Herut has since been led by Michael Kleiner. Since leaving politics Begin teaches science to Israeli high school students.

See also

• Revisionist Zionism

External links

• ‘Benny’ Begin leaving politics after poor showing in elections May 21, 1990

• Spread (food), an edible paste put on other foods
• the score difference being wagered on in spread betting
• the measure of line inclination in rational trigonometry
• Two-page spread a redundant term, also simply called “spread”, referring to two adjacent, facing pages in a magazine or other publication with conjoined or connected content
• In finance, the difference in price between related securities,
  • Bid/offer spread, between the buying and selling price of a commodity or security
  • Spread trade, between two related securities or commodities
  • Option adjusted spread, on mortgage backed securities where the borrower has the right to repay in full
  • Yield spread, difference in percentage rate of return of two instruments
  • Yield curve spread, on mortgage backed securities
• a term used for speed reading in American high school debate.

• The laying of Tarot cards in a certain manner

See also:

• Seafloor spreading, the process leading to continental drift
• Spread spectrum, communications signals over a range of frequencies
• Spread trader, holding positions in related securities, to trade the difference in price
• Spread limit, a limit on a raise in poker
• Spread polynomials, a polynomial sequence arising in rational trigonometry
• $pread, a quarterly magazine by and for sex workers
• “Spread”, a song by OutKast from their 2003 album Speakerboxxx/The Love Below

• Demister - A product used to clear a scuba mask of “fog”.

• Demister - A device that removes entrained liquid droplets from a gas stream.

EUROMESH® Wire mesh demister
Mist Eliminators are separation devices, used throughout all kinds of Process Industries, to remove liquid droplets from gas and/or vapour streams. The most commonly used type is the ‘wire mesh’ mist eliminator, as it has no moving parts and requires a little (if any) or no maintenance. Euromesh® wire mesh demisters are available in a wide range of styles, sizes and shapes. Wire mesh demisters are made slightly oversized and are to be compressed at their rim surface when installed, to fit snugly into the vessel.

In the Process Industry liquid mist, entrained in the product vapour, will undermines the process performance in several ways, such as:

Loss of Valuable Liquids
Loss in Overhead Vapour Quality
Fouling and Corrosion of Downstream Equipment
Catalyst Poisoning
Reduction in Operating Capacities
Unwanted Emissions from Vent Stacks

Often, this requires vapour-liquid separation in e.g. knock-out drums, heat exchangers, overhead accumulators, evaporators, crystallisers, liquid-phase reactor vents, compressor feed surge drums, or others.

BENEFITS, WHEN USING EUROMESH® DEMISTERS:-

         * Higher separation efficiency
       * Increasing throughput capacity
       * Provides equipment protection
       * Reducing the loss of valuable chemicals
       * Prevents (air) pollution
       * Eliminate contamination
       * Improvement of product purity

APPLICATIONS

       * Absorption columns
       * Distillation columns
       * Boilers and Scrubbers
       * Oil/water separators
       * Desalination units
       * Salt- and sugar industry
       * Desulphurization plants

Every mist elimination application is unique (!) Many times, the optimum mist eliminator solution requires more than using only a ‘wire mesh’ demister unit. Vane-type demisters, Inlet devices, Coalescers and/or Vapour distributors are accessories used to enhance the demisting performance. Please contact our office for detailed information of our system applications. We will be obliged to serve you.

Euromesh process engineers are available to assist you with the appropriate design
of your system. Be sure to take advantage of their expertise.

• Support for online-banking using PIN/TAN.
• Support for online-banking with SWIFT.
• Key stored on floppy-disk or chip-card for physical security.
• Making use of XML and SOAP for data-exchange, encryption and signatures.
• Implemented on top of Http, Https and SMTP as communication layer.

External links

• FinTS - Financial Transaction Services

The play was later adapted into a TV movie in 1975 by the same name.
(Fantasy)

A database dump contains a record of the table structure and/or the data from a database and is usually in the form of a list of SQL queries. A database dump is most often used for backing up a database so that its contents can be restored in the event of data loss. Corrupted databases can often be recovered by analysis of the dump. Database dumps are often published by open source projects, to allow reuse or forking of the database.

See also

• Core dump
• Databases
• Database management system

References

External links

• mysqldump — A Database Backup Program

A warded lock (also called a ward lock) is a type of lock that uses a set of obstructions, or wards, to prevent the lock from opening unless the correct key is inserted. The correct key has notches or slots corresponding to the obstructions in the lock, allowing it to rotate freely inside the lock. Warded locks are commonly used in inexpensive padlocks, cabinet locks, and other low-security applications, since they are among the most easily circumvented by lock picking. A well-designed skeleton key can successfully open a wide variety of warded locks.

History

The warded lock is one of the most ancient lock designs still in modern use. It is thought to have been developed in ancient Rome.

Design

In the most basic warded lock, a set of obstructions, often consisting of concentric plates protruding outwards, blocks the rotation of a key not designed for that lock. Warded locks may have one simple ward, or many intricate wards with bends and complex protrusions; the principle remains the same. Unless the notches or slots in the key correspond to the wards in the lock, the key will strike an obstruction and will not turn.

A cylindrical post is typically located in the center of the lock. Its purpose is to provide a point of leverage for rotating the key, and to help correctly align the key with the wards. The key has a corresponding hole which fits over the post.

When the correct key is inserted, it will clear the wards and rotate about the center post. The key may then strike a lever, activating a latch or sliding bolt, or it may itself push against the latch or bolt. In a double action lever lock, the key may additionally push against a spring-loaded lever which holds the sliding bolt in place.

External Links

• The Decorative Lock - Warded Locks

Calculating Equity Value

Equity value can be calculated two ways, either the intrinsic value method, or the fair market value method. The intrinsic value method is calculated as follows:

Equity Value =
Market capitalization
+ Amount that in-the-money stock options are in the money
+ Value of equity issued from in-the-money convertible securities
- Proceeds from the conversion of convertible securities

The fair market value method is as follows:

Equity Value =
Market capitalization
+ fair value of all stock options (in the money and out of the money), calculated using the Black-Scholes formula or a similar method
+ Value of convertible securities in excess of what the same securites would be valued without the conversion attribute

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_value”

The fair market value method more accurately captures the value of out of the money securities.

Access to the lock

The lock is situated almost under the bridge and is easily accessible from both Goring and Streatley

Reach above the lock

The reach is only just over half a mile long. The Thames Path crosses the bridge to Streatley and continues on the western bank to Cleeve Lock.

See also

• Locks on the River Thames

See also: 1584 in science, other events of 1585, 1586 in science and the list of years in science.

Births

Deaths

• Taqi al-Din (b. apprx 1526), Arab astronomer and inventor.

Branches

• The posterior branch, of small size, is placed at the back of the temporal fossa, and sometimes arises in common with the masseteric nerve.

• The anterior branch is frequently given off from the buccinator nerve, and then turns upward over the upper head of the pterygoideus externus.

• Frequently a third or intermediate branch is present.

See also

• Deep temporal arteries

External links

• ()

Locks

The following list of locks are provided for the current canal, from upstream (south) to downstream (north):

Note: There is no Lock 4 on the canal.

References

• Recreational Chart 14786 New York State Barge Canal System, 12th Edition, Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Commerce, May 23, 1998.

External links

• Information and Boater’s Guide to the New York State Canal System
• New York State Canals
• Canalling the Oswego River

Next to the canal there is a canal museum.

See also

• Saimaa canal, the longest canal in Finland

Sources

• , Varistaipale canal, in Finnish
• Heinäveden historia II (The History of Heinävesi II), 1989.

East of the locks, Salmon Bay is spanned by the Ballard Bridge, a bascule bridge that carries 15th Avenue traffic between Ballard and Interbay. West of the locks, it is spanned by the Salmon Bay Bridge that carries the BNSF Railway railroad tracks.

Southcote Lock was built between 1718 and 1723 under the supervision of the engineer John Hore of Newbury, and this stretch of the river is now administered by British Waterways and known as the Kennet Navigation. It has a rise/fall of 5 ft 3 in (1.65 m).

The Victorian brick building that overseas Southcote Lock is the redundant Southcote Pumping Station which, when it opened in 1850, was the key to Reading’s demanding water needs.

References

See also

• Locks on the Kennet and Avon Canal

Inputs and outputs of the blocks are wired together with connection lines, or links. Single lines may be used to connect two logical points of the diagram:

- An input variable and an input of a block

- An output of a block and an input of another block

- An output of a block and an output variable

The connection is oriented, meaning that the line carries associated data from the left end to the right end. The left and right ends of the connection line must be of the same type.

Multiple right connection, also called divergence can be used to broadcast information from its left end to each of its right ends. All ends of the connection must be of the same type.

Function block diagram is one of five languages for logic or control configuration supported by standard IEC 61131-3 for a control system such as a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or a Distributed Control System (DCS). The other supported languages are ladder logic, sequential function chart, structured text, and instruction list.

External links

• VisSim is a functional block diagram language

His published novels are:

• Faraway Places
• The Man Who Fell in Love with the Moon
• In The City Of Shy Hunters
• Now Is The Hour

Volume 1 of The Quarterly, published in the Spring of 1987, featured Spanbauer’s “Sea Animals”.

External links

• Official site
• Review of In The City… at The Stranger.com

                   b-\frac{\sqrt{(b-a)(b-c)}}{\sqrt{2}} & \mathrm{for\ } c\!\le\!\frac{b\!-\!a}{2}
                 \end{matrix}
               \right.
             </math>|
 mode       =<math>c\,</math>|
 variance   =<math>\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc}{18}</math>|
 skewness   =<math>
             \frac{\sqrt 2 (a\!+\!b\!-\!2c)(2a\!-\!b\!-\!c)(a\!-\!2b\!+\!c)}{5(a^2\!+\!b^2\!+\!c^2\!-\!ab\!-\!ac\!-\!bc)^\frac{3}{2}}
             </math>|
 kurtosis   =<math>-\frac{3}{5}</math>|
 entropy    =<math>\frac{1}{2}+\ln\left(\frac{b-a}{2}\right)</math>|
 mgf        =<math>2\frac{(b\!-\!c)e^{at}\!-\!(b\!-\!a)e^{ct}\!+\!(c\!-\!a)e^{bt}}

{(b-a)(c-a)(b-c)t^2}</math>|

 char       =<math>-2\frac{(b\!-\!c)e^{iat}\!-\!(b\!-\!a)e^{ict}\!+\!(c\!-\!a)e^{ibt}}

{(b-a)(c-a)(b-c)t^2}</math>|
}}

In probability theory and statistics, the triangular distribution is a continuous probability distribution with lower limit a, mode c and upper limit b.

<math>f(x|a,b,c)=\left\{

                     \begin{matrix}
                         \frac{2(x-a)}{(b-a)(c-a)} & \mathrm{for\ } a \le x \le c \\ & \\
                         \frac{2(b-x)}{(b-a)(b-c)} & \mathrm{for\ } c \le x \le b
                     \end{matrix}
                 \right.
             </math>

Special cases

Two points known

The distribution simplifies when c=a or c=b. For example, if a=0, b=1 and c=1, then the equations above become:

<math> \left.\begin{matrix}f(x) &=& 2x \\ \\ F(x) &=& x^2 \end{matrix}\right\} \mathrm{for\ } 0 \le x \le 1 </math>

<math> \begin{matrix}

 E(X) &=& \frac{2}{3} \\ & & \\
 \mathrm{Var}(X) &=& \frac{1}{18}

\end{matrix}
</math>

Distribution of two standard uniform variables

This distribution for a=0, b=1 and c=0.5 is distribution of <math>X = \frac{X_1+X_2}{2} </math>, where <math>X_1, X_2 </math> are two random variables with standard uniform distribution.

<math>

 f(x)=\left\{\begin{matrix}
 4x   & \mathrm{for\ }0 \le x < \frac{1}{2}   \\ \\
 4-4x & \mathrm{for\ }\frac{1}{2} \le x \le 1
 \end{matrix}\right.

</math>

<math>

 F(x)=\left\{\begin{matrix}
 2x^2       & \mathrm{for\ }0 \le x < \frac{1}{2}     \\ \\
 1-2(1-x)^2 & \mathrm{for\ }\frac{1}{2} \le x \le 1
 \end{matrix}\right.

</math>

<math> \begin{matrix}

 E(X) &=& \frac{1}{2} \\ \\
 \mathrm{Var}(X) &=& \frac{1}{24}

\end{matrix}
</math>

Distribution of the absolute difference of two standard uniform variables

This distribution for a=0, b=1 and c=0 is distribution of <math>X = | X_1-X_2 | </math>, where <math>X_1, X_2 </math> are two random variables with standard uniform distribution.

<math> \begin{matrix}

 f(x)&=& 2 - 2x \qquad \mathrm{for\ } 0 \le x < 1 \\ \\

 F(x) &=&  2x - x^2 \qquad \mathrm{for\ } 0 \le x < 1 \\ \\

\end{matrix}
</math>

<math> \begin{matrix}

 E(X) &=& \frac{1}{3} \\ \\
 \mathrm{Var}(X) &=& \frac{1}{18}

\end{matrix}
</math>

Use of the distribution

The Triangular Distribution is typically used as a subjective description of a population for which there is only limited sample data, and especially in cases where the relationship between variables is known but data is scarce (possibly because of the high cost of collection).
It is based on a knowledge of the minimum and maximum and an “inspired guess” as to the modal value.

Business simulations

The Triangular distribution is therefore often used in business decision making, particularly in simulations. Generally, when not much is known about the distribution of an outcome, (say, only its smallest and largest values) it is possible to use the uniform distribution. But if the most likely outcome is also known, then the outcome can be simulated by a Triangular distribution.

Project management

The Triangular distribution, along with the Beta distribution, is also widely used in project management (as an input into PERT and hence critical path method (CPM)) to model events which take place within an interval defined by a minimum and maximum value.

External links

• Triangular Distribution, mathworld.wolfram.com
• Triangle Distribution, decisionsciences.org
• Triangular Distribution, brighton-webs.co.uk

An XML document has an information set if it is well-formed and satisfies the namespace constraints. There is no requirement for an XML document to be valid in order to have an information set.

An information set can contain up to eleven different types of information items:

1. The Document Information Item
2. Element Information Items
3. Attribute Information Items
4. Processing Instruction Information Items
5. Unexpanded Entity Reference Information Items
6. Character Information Items
7. Comment Information Items
8. The Document Type Declaration Information Item
9. Unparsed Entity Information Items
10. Notation Information Items
11. Namespace Information Items

Infoset recommendation Second Edition was adopted on February 4, 2004.

Infoset Augmentation

Infoset augmentation or infoset modification refers to the process of modifying the infoset during schema validation, for example by adding default attributes. The augmented infoset is called the post-schema-validation infoset, or PSVI.
XML Schema 1.1 Part 1: Structures

Infoset augmentation is somewhat controversial, with claims that it is a violation of modularity and tends to cause interoperability problems, since applications get different information depending on whether or not validation has been performed.
RELAX NG and W3C XML Schema, James Clark, 4 Jun 2002

Infoset augmentation is supported by XML Schema but not RelaxNG.

References

External links

• W3C XML Information set recommendation (Second Edition)
• fastinfoset (for binary encoding of the Infoset)

Architecture

A basic MTS architecture is made up of:

• The MTS Executive (mtxex.dll)
• The Factory Wrappers and Context Wrappers for each component
• The MTS Server Component
• MTS clients
• Auxiliary systems like:
  • COM runtime services
  • the Service Control Manager (SCM)
  • the Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MS-DTC)
  • the Microsoft Message Queue (MSMQ)
  • the COM-Transaction Integrator (COM-TI)
  • etc.

COM components that run under the control of the MTS Executive are called MTS components. MTS components are all developed as in-proc DLLs and are implemented as one or more COM components. These components are deployed and run in the MTS Executive which manages them. As is usual with COM components, the object implementing the IClassFactory serves as a Factory Object to create new instances of these components.

MTS inserts a Factory Wrapper Object and an Object Wrapper between the actual MTS component that MTS manages, and its Client. Therefore, whenever the client makes a call to the MTS component, the Wrappers (Factory and Object) intercept the call and inject their own instance management algorithm called the Just In Time Activation (JITA) into the call. The wrapper then makes this call on the actual MTS component.

In addition to this, based on the information from the component’s deployment properties, transaction logic and security checks are also done in these wrapper objects.

For every MTS component, there also exists a Context Object which implements the IObjectContext interface. The Context Object maintains specific information about that component such as its transactional information, security information and deployment information. The MTS component calls into the Context Object through its IObjectContext interface.

In MTS, the actual middle-tier MTS component is not created until the call from a client reaches the container. Since the component is not running all the time, it does not use up a lot of system resources (even though an object wrapper and skeleton for the component are still hanging around for the component).

As soon as the call comes in from the client, the MTS wrapper process activates its Instance Management algorithm called JITA. The actual MTS component is created “Just In Time” to service the request from the wrapper. And when the request is serviced and the reply is sent back to the client, and the component either calls SetComplete()/SetAbort(), or the transaction that its part of ends, or the client calls Release() on the component, the actual MTS component is destroyed. In short, MTS is a stateless component model.

Generally, this is what happens on the Server when a client requests services from a typical MTS component:

1. Acquire a database connection.
2. Read the component’s state from either the Shared Property Manager or from an already existing object or from the client.
3. Perform the business logic.
4. Write the component’s changed state, if any, back to the database.
5. Close and release the database connection.

It is thus possible to implement high latency resources as asynchronous resource pools, which should take advantage of the stateless JIT activation afforded by the middleware server.

External links and references

• More details about MTS
• Quick Tour of Microsoft Transaction Server
• Interpreting the MTS events in the event log

The tornado touched down in the town of Poquonock, Connecticut, just north of Hartford, Connecticut in the Connecticut River valley. It traveled north through the town of Windsor Locks, Connecticut before dissipating in the town of Suffield, Connecticut, just south of the Massachusetts state line.

The path of the tornado crossed the northern portion of Bradley International Airport, and many vintage aircraft at the nearby New England Air Museum were damaged or destroyed by the storm.

See also

• List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
• Fujita scale

External link

• The Windsor Locks, Connecticut Tornado of 3 October 1979: An Analysis of an Intermittent Severe Weather Event

Architecture

A basic MTS architecture is made up of:

• The MTS Executive (mtxex.dll)
• The Factory Wrappers and Context Wrappers for each component
• The MTS Server Component
• MTS clients
• Auxiliary systems like:
  • COM runtime services
  • the Service Control Manager (SCM)
  • the Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MS-DTC)
  • the Microsoft Message Queue (MSMQ)
  • the COM-Transaction Integrator (COM-TI)
  • etc.

COM components that run under the control of the MTS Executive are called MTS components. MTS components are all developed as in-proc DLLs and are implemented as one or more COM components. These components are deployed and run in the MTS Executive which manages them. As is usual with COM components, the object implementing the IClassFactory serves as a Factory Object to create new instances of these components.

MTS inserts a Factory Wrapper Object and an Object Wrapper between the actual MTS component that MTS manages, and its Client. Therefore, whenever the client makes a call to the MTS component, the Wrappers (Factory and Object) intercept the call and inject their own instance management algorithm called the Just In Time Activation (JITA) into the call. The wrapper then makes this call on the actual MTS component.

In addition to this, based on the information from the component’s deployment properties, transaction logic and security checks are also done in these wrapper objects.

For every MTS component, there also exists a Context Object which implements the IObjectContext interface. The Context Object maintains specific information about that component such as its transactional information, security information and deployment information. The MTS component calls into the Context Object through its IObjectContext interface.

In MTS, the actual middle-tier MTS component is not created until the call from a client reaches the container. Since the component is not running all the time, it does not use up a lot of system resources (even though an object wrapper and skeleton for the component are still hanging around for the component).

As soon as the call comes in from the client, the MTS wrapper process activates its Instance Management algorithm called JITA. The actual MTS component is created “Just In Time” to service the request from the wrapper. And when the request is serviced and the reply is sent back to the client, and the component either calls SetComplete()/SetAbort(), or the transaction that its part of ends, or the client calls Release() on the component, the actual MTS component is destroyed. In short, MTS is a stateless component model.

Generally, this is what happens on the Server when a client requests services from a typical MTS component:

1. Acquire a database connection.
2. Read the component’s state from either the Shared Property Manager or from an already existing object or from the client.
3. Perform the business logic.
4. Write the component’s changed state, if any, back to the database.
5. Close and release the database connection.

It is thus possible to implement high latency resources as asynchronous resource pools, which should take advantage of the stateless JIT activation afforded by the middleware server.

External links and references

• More details about MTS
• Quick Tour of Microsoft Transaction Server
• Interpreting the MTS events in the event log

The system was renamed the McAlpine Locks and Dam in 1960 in honor of William McAlpine, who was the only civilian to have ever served as district engineer for the Corps of Louisville. At present, the normal pool elevation is 420 feet (130 m) above sea level and the drainage area above the dam is 91,170 square miles (236,000 km²). The average daily flow at McAlpine is 118,000 cubic feet per second (3,340 m³/s). The lock chambers are located at the dam on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River and are capable of a normal lift of 37 feet (11 m) between the McAlpine pool upstream and the Cannelton pool downstream. The hydroelectric plant consists of eight turbine units with a net power generation capacity of 80,000 kilowatts. The hydroelectric plant is currently undergoing an 8-year long rehabilitation project. This will extend the life of the 1920s era turbine-generator units and increase power output to 100 megawatts.

In October 2003, McAlpine was designated a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers.

The McAlpine locks are currently undergoing a 10-year, $278 million expansion project scheduled to be completed in 2008.

The hydroelectric plant is owned and operated by LG&E, a subsidiary of E.ON U.S., while the locks are operated by the Army Corps of Engineers.

See also

• List of crossings of the Ohio River

External links

• LG&E Plants
• Corps of Engineers 1
• Corps of Engineers 2

The first main advantage to a cylinder lock is that the cylinder may be changed without altering the boltwork. Removing the cylinder requires only loosening a set screw, then unscrewing the cylinder from the boltwork. The second is that it is usually possible to obtain, from a lock manufacturer, cylinders in different formats that can all be used with the same type of key. This allows the user to have keyed-alike, and master-keyed systems that incorporate a wide variety of different types of lock, such as nightlatches, deadbolts and roller door locks. Typically, padlocks can also be included, although these rarely have removable cylinders.

Standardised types of cylinder include key-in-knobset cylinders, rim (also known as nightlatch) cylinders, Ingersoll format cylinders, American, and Scandinavian round mortise cylinders, and Scandinavian oval cylinders. There are also standardised cross-sectional profiles for lock cylinders that may vary in length; for example to suit different door thicknesses. These profiles include the europrofile (or DIN standard), the British oval profile and the Swiss profile.

Cruciform pin-tumbler locks may also use interchangeable cylinders, as do a few sophisticated lever locks.

Individually Keyed System (KD)
With an individually keyed system, each cylinder can be opened by its individual key.

Keyed Alike (KA)
This system allows for a number of cylinders to be operated by the same key. It is ideally suited to residential applications such as front and back doors.

Master Keyed (MK)
A master-keyed system involves each lock having its own individual key which will not operate any other lock in the system, but where all locks can be operated by a single master-key.

Grand Master Keyed (GMK)
This is an extension of the master-keyed system where each lock has its own individual key and the locks are divided into 2 or more groups. Each lock group is operated by a master-key and the entire system is operated by one grand master-key.

Common Entrance Suite (CES)
This system is widely used in apartments, office blocks and hotels. Each apartment (for example) has its own individual key which will not open the doors to any other apartments, but will open common entrance doors and communal service areas.

References

External links

• RFC 1861
• List of SNPP servers and their character limitations

More formally, we can think of a truth condition as what makes for the truth of a sentence in an inductive definition of truth. (For details, see the semantic theory of truth.) Understood this way, truth conditions are theoretical entities. To illustrate with an example: suppose that, in a particular truth theory, the word “Nixon” refers to Richard M. Nixon, and “is alive” is associated with the set of currently living things. Then one way of representing the truth condition of “Nixon is alive” is as the ordered pair <Nixon, {x: x is alive}>. And we say that “Nixon is alive” is true if and only if the referent of “Nixon” belongs to the set associated with “is alive”, that is, if and only if Nixon is alive.

In semantics, the truth condition of a sentence is almost universally considered to be distinct from its meaning. The meaning of a sentence is conveyed if the truth conditions for the sentence are understood. Additionally, there are many sentences that are understood although their truth condition is uncertain. One popular argument for this view is that some sentences are necessarily true–that is, they are true whatever happens to obtain. All such sentences have the same truth conditions, but arguably do not thereby have the same meaning. Likewise, the sets {x: x is alive} and {x: x is alive and x is not a rock} are identical–they have precisely the same members–but presumably the sentences “Nixon is alive” and “Nixon is alive and is not a rock” have different meanings.

See also

• Slingshot argument

The two rules of Strict 2PL are:

1. If a transaction T wants to read/write an object, it must request a shared/exclusive lock on the object.
2. All exclusive locks held by transaction T are released when T commits (and not before).

Here is an example of Strict 2PL in action with interleaved actions.

<math>

D = \begin{bmatrix}
T1 & T2 \\
S(A) & \\
R(A) & \\

      & S(A)   \\
      & R(A)   \\
      & X(B)   \\
      & R(B)   \\
      & W(B)   \\
      & Commit \\

X(C) & \\
R(C) & \\
W(C) & \\
Commit &
\end{bmatrix}
</math>

or in text form:

T1: S(A), R(A); T2: S(A), R(A), X(B), R(B), W(B), Commit; T1: X(C), R(C), W(C), Commit

where

• S(O) is a shared lock action on an object O
• X(O) is an exclusive lock action on an object O
• R(O) is a read action on an object O
• W(O) is a write action on an object O

Strict 2PL prevents transactions reading uncommitted data, overwriting uncommitted data, and unrepeatable reads. Thus, it prevents cascading rollbacks, since eXclusive locks (for write privileges) must be held until a transaction commits.

Strict 2PL does not guarantee a deadlock-free schedule

Avoiding deadlocks can be important in real time systems, and may additionally be difficult to enforce in distributed data bases, or fault tolerant systems with multiple redundancy.

A deadlocked schedule allowed under Strict 2PL:

<math>G = \begin{bmatrix}

T1 & T2\\
X(A) & \\

 & X(B) &  \\

X(B) & \\

& X(A) \end{bmatrix}</math>

Text:
T1: X(A) T2:X(B) T1:X(B) T2: X(A)

T1 is waiting for T2’s lock on B to be released, while T2 is waiting for T1’s lock on A to be released. These transactions cannot proceed and both are deadlocked.

There is no general solution to the problem of deadlocks in computing systems, so they must be anticipated and dealt with accordingly. Nonetheless, several solutions such as the Banker’s algorithm or the imposition of a partial ordering on lock acquisition exist for avoiding deadlocks under certain conditions.

Even more strict than strict two-phase locking is rigorous two-phase locking, in which transactions can be serialized by the order in which they commit. Under rigorous 2PL, all locks (shared and exclusive) must be held until a transaction commits. Most database systems use strict 2PL.

The acronym NMI may mean:

• Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, an alternate form of CNMI
• Nelson Mandela Institution
• New Media Inc - GMA Network’s Interactive company
• Non-Maskable Interrupt, a computing term
• The North Africa Middle East Initiative of German Business (NMI)
• “No Message Included,” an acronym used within the Internet community (mainly on forums and message boards)
• “No Middle Initial,” a placeholder for a person’s middle initial, often used in medical, government and military personnel records. Compare NFN.
• National Market Identifier, An Electricity Metering Deregulated Market Term

Galling can occur even if the parts are brought together slowly, and it is prevented by the presence of grease or surface coatings, even if the surface coatings increase friction. It does not occur when joining dissimilar materials (for example threading 18-8 stainless into 17-4 stainless) even though both of those materials are susceptible to galling. Galling does not occur on carbon steel.

In metalworking that involves cutting (primarily turning and milling) “galling” is used to describe a phenomenon which often occurs when cutting soft metal: workpiece material sticking to the cutter. It often occurs with aluminum and is a common cause of tool breakdown. When a soft material sticks to the cutting edges the effective surface area of the cutter increases. To achieve the pressure needed to cut the workpiece, a greater force is needed often resulting in extensive wear or breakage of the cutting tool.

Etymology

“Gongoozler” may have been canal workers’ slang for an observer standing apparently idle on the towpath. Although it was certainly used derisively in the past there is only very mild derision attached to the term today, and it is regularly used, perhaps with a little irony, by gongoozlers to describe themselves and their hobby.

The word may have arisen from words in Lincolnshire dialect: gawn and gooze, both meaning to stare or gape. Although it might be presumed that such an expression would date from the nineteenth century, when canals were at their peak, the word is only recorded from the end of that century or the early twentieth. It was given wider use by the late L T C Rolt, who used it in his book about canal life, Narrow Boat, in 1944.

Aspects of Gongoozling

Gongoozling, much like trainspotting, is a hobby that can extend to all aspects of canals.

Canal artwork

The collection or creation of canal related artwork is a common pastime amongst Gongoozlers. This includes paintings, postcards and photographs.

Canal locks

Canal locks often attract spectators, including Gongoozlers, because the operation of manual canal locks is a complex affair, with a number of opportunities for mistakes to be made. Some observers have been known to heckle or harass the boat crews, whilst others carry “lock keys” and actively wish to help boat crews with their passage.

Canal history and technology

Whilst trainspotting is commonly associated with identifying engine makes, it is rare for Gongoozlers to do likewise. However an interest can occur for the history of a section of canal, or the operation of locks and alternative devices such as inclined planes, water slopes, and boat lifts with types like the Anderton boat lift, the Falkirk Wheel and the Strépy-Thieu boat lift.

Notable locations

Fradley Junction is a popular place to observe canal traffic, as are many other junctions, due to the occasional need for three boats to pass.

Staircase locks, which can hold many boats at once, are very popular amongst gongoozlers, making Foxton Locks an ideal location for Gongoozling.

Some locations have became known for their Gongoozlers thanks to local events that encourage an increased number of observers. Princess Street lock on the Rochdale Canal in Manchester city centre is normally quite quiet, however it becomes a popular attraction during the Manchester Mardi Gras (actually held in late August).

The Falkirk Wheel is a huge and spectacular feat of engineering, which attracts very large numbers of Gongoozlers.

The eight locks of Fonserannes on the Canal du Midi attract so many Gongoozlers that they have become the third most popular tourist attraction in Languedoc.

See also

• Birdwatching
• Bus spotting
• Trainspotting

References

External Links

• www.gongoozler.org - the online presence of the Canal Card Collectors Circle

Two phase locking

According to the Two phase locking protocol, locks are handled by a transaction in two distinct, consecutive phases during the transaction’s execution:

Phase 1: Locks are acquired and no locks are released.

Phase 2: Locks are released and no locks are acquired.

The serializability property is guaranteed for a schedule with transactions that obey the protocol. The 2PL schedule class is defined as the class of all the schedules comprising transactions with data access orders that could be generated by the 2PL protocol.

Strict two phase locking

The Strict two phase locking (S2PL) class of schedules is the intersection of the 2PL class with the class of schedules possessing the Strictness property.

To comply with the S2PL protocol a transaction needs to comply with 2PL, and release its write (exclusive) locks only after it has ended, i.e., being either committed or aborted.

S2PL is a special case of 2PL, i.e., the S2PL class is a proper subclass of 2PL.

Strong strict two phase locking

To comply with the Strong strict two phase locking (SS2PL) protocol a transaction needs to comply with 2PL, and release both its write (exclusive) and read (shared) locks only after it has ended, i.e., being either committed or aborted.
A transaction obeying SS2PL can be viewed as having Phase 1 that lasts its entire execution duration, and no Phase 2 (or degenerate Phase 2). Thus, only one phase is actually left, and “two-phase” in the name seems to be still utilized due to the historical development of the concept from 2PL. The SS2PL property of a schedule is also called Rigorousness, and an SS2PL schedule is also called a Rigorous schedule.

SS2PL is a special case of S2PL, i.e., the SS2PL class of schedules is a proper subclass of S2PL (every SS2PL schedule is also an S2PL schedule, but S2PL schedules exist that are not SS2PL).

SS2PL is the concurrency control protocol of choice for most database systems since it provides besides serializability also Strictness, which is instrumental for efficient database recovery, and also Commitment ordering (CO) for participating in environments where a CO based Global serializability solution is employed.

See also

• Serializability
• Lock (computer science)

Recording

Many songs from Smile from the Streets You Hold were recorded when Frusciante was still with the Chili Peppers and are from the same period as his previous solo album, Niandra Lades and Usually Just a T-Shirt.

In a 1997 interview with Guitar Player, Frusciante claimed to have maintained active communication with the spirit world during the album’s recording phase:Rotondigic, James. “Till I Reach the Higher Ground.” Guitar Player, November 1997.

The late actor River Phoenix, a good friend of Frusciante and the rest of the Chili Peppers, is featured on two tracks, “Height Down” (originally titled “Soul Removal”), and “Well I’ve Been” (originally titled “Bought Her Soul”). Both songs were supposed to be released on Niandra LaDes, but were pulled by request of Phoenix’s family.

“More”, “I Can’t See Until I See Your Eyes”, and “Estress” were recorded directly to cassette on a boombox. Frusciante’s poor health is apparent in his voice.

Release

Frusciante had Smile from the Streets You Hold and his first solo album, Niandra Lades and Usually Just a T-Shirt, removed from record stores in 1998 after rejoining the Red Hot Chili Peppers because he felt uncomfortable with them being available to the public. He is quoted as saying that he released Smile from the Streets You Hold for drug money. Niandra Lades was eventually re-issued and Frusciante has promised he will one day re-release Smile from the Streets You Hold.

There is also a second print of Smile from the Streets You Hold available. Including an extended/edited version of “Life’s a Bath”, the title song “Smile from the Streets You Hold” is split in two separate tracks. Another difference between the 17-track version and the 18-track version is that on the former, John can be heard taking a hit from a bong on “For Air”.

Track listing

1. “Enter a Uh” – 8:06
2. “The Other” – 1:34
3. “Life’s a Bath” – 1:18
4. “A Fall Thru the Ground” – 2:24
5. “Poppy Man” – 1:21
6. “I May Again Know John” – 8:48
7. “I’m Always” – 2:33
8. “Nigger Song” – 4:15
9. “Femininity” – 2:35
10. “Breathe” – 6:21
11. “More” – 2:07
12. “For Air” – 3:55
13. “Height Down” – 4:00
14. “Well, I’ve Been” – 3:06
15. “Smile from the Streets You Hold” – 5:09
16. “I Can’t See Until I See Your Eyes” – 1:30
17. “Estress” – 2:17

References

Places

• Heartbreak Hill – an ascent about 20 miles into the Boston Marathon

• Heartbreak Hill –a set of locks more formally known as the Cheshire Locks on the Trent_and_Mersey_Canal

Music

• Heartbreak Hill (album) – an album by English band Strawbs

• Heartbreak Hill – an album by English guitarist Albert Lee

• Heartbreak Hill (band) – a Canadian country music band

• “Heartbreak Hill” – a country music song appearing on the Emmylou Harris album Bluebird

Fort Dauphin, Fort Bourbon, Fort Paskoya, and Fort de la Corne all resulted from exploration carried out from this location by Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye, the youngest La Verendrye son.

External links

• Manitoba Historical Society
• Manitoba Historical Society
• Manitoba Historical Society

In telecommunication, the term network architecture has the following meanings:

1. The design principles, physical configuration, functional organization, operational procedures, and data formats used as the bases for the design, construction, modification, and operation of a communications network.
2. The structure of an existing communications network, including the physical configuration, facilities, operational structure, operational procedures, and the data formats in use.

With the development of distributed computing, the term network architecture has also come to denote classifications and implementations of distributed computing architectures. For example the applications architecture of the telephone network PSTN has been termed the Advanced Intelligent Network. There are any number of specific classifications but all lie on a continuum between the dumb network (e.g. Internet) and the intelligent computer network (e.g. the telephone network PSTN). Other networks contain various elements of these two classical types to make them suitable for various types of applications. Recently the context aware network which is a synthesis of the two has gained much interest with its ability to combine the best elements of both.

Access Methods

The function of methods is to determine how a computer will send data over the cable and how it determines successful delivery or failed delivery. Each machine residing on the computer network must share the same type of access method in order to successfully communicate. To address the issues of collisions on a network a set of rules, channel access methods, have been defined. Channel access methods ensure delivery of packets by preventing more than one computer sending data across the cable that may end in collision. The major types of access methods in networking are contention, lan switching, token passing, demand priority, and polling.

References

• Federal Standard 1037C
• MIL-STD-188
• the seven layer OSI model
• Guide to Networking Essentials[1]

External links

• Official website

This Document of Identity can be issued to the following Hong Kong residents:

• Those on limit of stay in Hong Kong who are unable to obtain a national passport or travel document from any other country.
• Those on unconditional stay who do not have right of abode in Hong Kong, and cannot obtain a national passport or travel document from any other country.
• Those who have right of abode in Hong Kong and hold a permanent identity card, but are not of Chinese origin and cannot obtain a national passport or travel document of any other country or territory.

See also

• Right of abode issue, Hong Kong
• History of Hong Kong

References

• Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Document of Identity for Visa Purposes, Immigration Department, HKSAR

Motivation

Consider the complex logarithm function log z. It is defined as the complex number w such that

<math>e^w = z\,\!</math>

Now, for example, say we wish to find log i. This means we want to solve

<math>e^w = i\,\!</math>

for w. Clearly iπ/2 is a solution. But is it the only solution?

Of course, there are other solutions, which is evidenced by considering the position of i in the Argand plane and thus its argument. We can rotate anticlockwise π/2 radians from 1 to reach i initially, but if we rotate further another 2π we reach i again>. So, we can conclude that i(π/2 + 2π) is also a solution for log i. It becomes clear that we can add any multiple of 2πi to our initial solution to obtain all values for log i.

But this has a consequence that may be surprising in comparison of real valued functions - log i does not have one definite value! For log z, we have

<math>\log{z} = \ln{|z|} + i\left(\mathrm{arg}\ z+2\pi k\right)</math>

for some integer k. Each value of k determines what is known a branch (or sheet), where a multiple-valued function is single-valued.

For simplicity, the branch corresponding to k=0 is known as the principal branch, and along this branch, the values the function takes are known as the principal values.

General case

In general, if f(z) is multiple-valued, the principal branch of f is denoted

<math>\mathrm{pv}\ f(z)</math>

such that for z in the domain of f, f(z) is single-valued.

Principal values of standard functions

Complex valued elementary functions can be multiple valued over some domains. Determining the principal value of some of these functions can be obtained by decomposing the function into simpler ones whereby the principal value of the simple functions are straightforward to obtain.

We have examined the logarithm function above, ie.,

<math>\log{z} = \ln{|z|} + i\left(\mathrm{arg}\ z\right).</math>

Now, arg z is intrinsically multivalued. One often defines the argument of some complex number to be between -π and π, so we take this to be the principal value of the argument, and we write the argument function on this branch Arg z (with the leading capital). Using Arg z instead of arg z, it should be clear that we obtain the principal value of the logarithm, and we write

<math>\mathrm{pv}\ \log{z} = \mathrm{Log}\ z = \ln{|z|} + i\left(\mathrm{Arg}\ z\right).</math>

So far we have only considered the logarithm function. What about exponents? Consider z^α, with α in C. One usually defines z^α to be e^{α log z}. Yet e^{α log z} is multiple-valued since we are using log as opposed to Log. Using Log we obtain the principal value of z^α, ie.,

<math>\mathrm{pv}\ z^\alpha = e^{\alpha \mathrm{Log}\ z}.</math>

Background

The city of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario hired Cherokee Disposal to dispose of the city’s waste. The city built a disposal site 20 feet from a stream which, when filled by the disposal company, resulted in waste seeping into the stream. The city was charged with discharging, or permitting to be discharged, refuse into the public waterways causing pollution pursuant to section 32(1) of the Ontario Water Resources Act.

The issue before the court was whether the city’s offence should be classified as Strict Liability or Absolute Liability. The Ontario Court of Appeal held that the charge required proof of mens rea which on the facts would acquit the defendant.

Reasoning

In the judgement written by Chief Justice Dickson, the Court recognized three categories of offences:

1. True Crimes: Offences that require some positive state of mind (mens rea) as an element of the crime. These offences are usually implied by the use of language within the charge such as “knowingly”, “willfully”, intentionally”.
2. Strict Liability: Offences that do not require the proof of mens rea. The act alone is punishable. The duty is on the accused to have acted as a reasonable person and has a defence of reasonable mistake of fact (a due diligence defence). The Court stated that the due diligence defence “will be available if the accused reasonably believed in a mistaken set of facts which, if true, would render the act or omission innocent, or if he took all reasonable steps to avoid the particular event. These offences may properly be called offences of strict liability.” The reason for this is that the Court described a need for a class of offence that had a lower standard to convict than True Crimes but was not as harsh as Absolute Liability offences.
3. Absolute Liability: Similar to Strict Liability, these offences do not require proof of mens rea either. However, the accused has no defences available.

To distinguish between these types the Court examines:

[t]he overall regulatory pattern adopted by the legislature, the subject matter of the legislation, the importance of the penalty and the precision of the language used will be primary considerations in determining whether the offence falls into the third category.

The Court then noted that the dumping offences were of a public welfare nature and were from a provincial statute, thus, were Strict Liability offences and do not require mens rea.

See also

• R. v. Wholesale Travel Group Inc. (1991)

External links

• full text from CanLII.org

Conservative 2PL prevents deadlocks.

The difference between 2PL and C2PL is that C2PL’s transactions obtain all the locks they need before the transactions begin. This is to ensure that a transaction that already holds some locks will not block waiting for other locks.

In heavy lock contention, C2PL reduces the time locks are held on average, relative to 2PL and Strict 2PL, because transactions that hold locks are never blocked.

In light lock contention, C2PL holds more locks than is necessary, because it is hard to tell what locks will be needed in the future, thus leads to higher overhead.

Also, a transaction will not even obtain any locks if it cannot obtain all the locks it needs in its initial request. Furthermore, each transaction needs to declare its read and write set (data items to be read/written during transaction), which is not always possible. Because of these limitations, C2PL is not used very frequently.

Dataphor was created by Alphora, a division of ERP and CRM systems developer Softwise. It is the first truly RDBMS since IBM Business System 12. Its D4 language is based on the principles of Christopher J Date’s and Hugh Darwen’s Tutorial D, but with a Pascal-like syntax.

Dataphor does not employ SQL as its primary database language since SQL inherently violates several principles of the relational model. There is a slightly modified SQL dialect they call RealSQL that has limited functionality in Dataphor. It had to incorporate SQL NULLs, in a slightly modified form as “nil”s due to its federated nature that relies on SQL DBMSs.

Dataphor includes tools which allow complete GUI applications to be derived directly from the data model using only the principles of relational calculus.

External links

• Alphora’s Website

The need for cash to take advantage of investment opportunities that may arise.

In economic theory, specifically Keynesian economics, speculative demand is one of the determinants of demand for money (and credit), the others being transactions demand and precautionary demand.

External links

• An Overview of Speculative Demand in Real Estate

It is published by the Blue Army of Our Lady and is devoted to the message of Our Lady of Fatima.

It caused controversy in the September 1985 issue when it reported that one of the Fatima visionaries, Sister Lúcia dos Santos claimed that the Vatican had not complied with the Virgin Mary’s request to consecrate Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. This was reported to be because there was no specific mention of Russia. It was also claimed that she said that “many bishops attached no importance to it”.

It is claimed that the Virgin Mary promised that the Consecration of Russia would lead to Russia’s conversion and an era of peace. Many, believe Pope John Paul II fulfilled this request in 1984 by giving a blessing over the world, including Russia, shortly before the collapse of the Soviet Union. It is commonly believed that Sister Lúcia verified that this ceremony fulfilled the requests of the Virgin Mary.

Fobney Lock was built between 1718 and 1723 under the supervision of the engineer John Hore of Newbury, and this stretch of the river is now administered by British Waterways and known as the Kennet Navigation. It has a rise/fall of 7 ft 8 in (2.24 m).

There have been ongoing plans to turn Fobney Island, adjacent to the lock, into a wetlands nature reserve.