Entries Tagged as 'Canal'

Varistaipale canal

Varistaipale canal is a Finnish canal in Heinävesi. The canal is a part of Heinävesi route (Heinäveden reitti), a route with six canals: Kerma, Vihovuonne, Pilppa, Karvio, Taivallahti and Varistaipale canals. The canal was built in 1911–1913 and has four locks. It is the biggest canal in Finland being the only canal to have this many locks. The height of drop totals 14.5 meters and the length is 1,100 meters.

Next to the canal there is a canal museum.


See also

  • Saimaa canal, the longest canal in Finland


Sources

  • , Varistaipale canal, in Finnish
  • Heinäveden historia II (The History of Heinävesi II), 1989.

Canal pound

A canal pound is the stretch of level water impounded between two canal locks. Canal pounds can vary in length from the non-existent, where two or more immediately adjacent locks form a lock staircase, to many miles.


History

Pounds came into being with the development of Pound locks to replace the earlier flash locks. A key feature of pound locks was that the intervening level between locks remained largely constant, as opposed to the varible levels created by the opening of flash locks.


Types of pound

Pounds can be described in various ways according to their situation;


Summit pound

A summit pound is formed at a summit on the canal, and where all the defining locks descend from the pound. Summit pounds are particularly important in canal design, as every boat entering or leaving the pound causes a loss of water. Summit pounds therefore need an independent form of water supply, which may take the form of weirs on adjacent rivers, reservoirs or pumping stations. Common practice during canal design was to make summit pounds as large as practically possible, in order that losing a lockful of water would not lower the water level too significantly. The Rochdale Canal is a good example of a canal with a relatively short summit pound, which requires restrictions on lock workings at certain times.


Sump pound

The inverse of a summit pound is a sump pound. In contrast to a summit pound, a sump pound is a point where every boat entering or leaving the pound causes an addition of water.


Lock pound

A pound which lies between two locks which lie only a short distance apart. Water levels in the pound are liable to fluctuate as the locks are used.


Side pound

A

particular type of extremely short lock pound, which is extended sideways to make up for the short distance between locks so as to avoid excessive level fluctuations. Side pounds should not be confused with side ponds (without the u).

Enfield Falls Canal

Enfield Falls Canal is a canal that was built to circumvent the shallows at Enfield Falls on the Connecticut River. It is situated along the west side of the river, adjacent to the towns Suffield and Windsor Locks of Hartford County in the state of Connecticut, USA. Windsor Locks is named after the series of locks on the canal.

Prior to the opening of the canal, the scows or flat-bottomed boats which plied the Connecticut River could only carry some 10 or 12 tons over the falls, and any additional freight had to be offloaded and carried around the falls by ox teams. The boats then had to be poled through the rapids, requiring large teams of men to do this.

Construction of the canal commenced in 1824 and it was opened on November 11 1829. The canal was 5¼ miles (8.5 km) long and had a vertical drop of 32 ft (9.75 m). The locks admitted craft up to 90 ft (27 m) long and 20 ft (6 m) wide.

Once the canal was opened, boats were able to carry much larger loads, and steamboat services were introduced. However by 1844 the Hartford and Springfield Railroad had started operation, and navigation on the Connecticut River gradually reduced. However the canal obtained a new lease of life as a supplier of water power.

Today the canal is closed to navigation, but mostly still in water and used industrially. Most of the towpath is open for hiking and cycling. The canal is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.


References

  • Connecticut Heritage (Dorothy A. DeBisschop). The Canal at Windsor Locks. Retrieved January 20 2006.
  • American Canal Society (2004). Enfield Falls Canal. Retrieved January 20 2006.

Canal pound

A canal pound is the stretch of level water impounded between two canal locks. Canal pounds can vary in length from the non-existent, where two or more immediately adjacent locks form a lock staircase, to many miles.


History

Pounds came into being with the development of Pound locks to replace the earlier flash locks. A key feature of pound locks was that the intervening level between locks remained largely constant, as opposed to the varible levels created by the opening of flash locks.


Types of pound

Pounds can be described in various ways according to their situation;


Summit pound

A summit pound is formed at a summit on the canal, and where all the defining locks descend from the pound. Summit pounds are particularly important in canal design, as every boat entering or leaving the pound causes a loss of water. Summit pounds therefore need an independent form of water supply, which may take the form of weirs on adjacent rivers, reservoirs or pumping stations. Common practice during canal design was to make summit pounds as large as practically possible, in order that losing a lockful of water would not lower the water level too significantly. The Rochdale Canal is a good example of a canal with a relatively short summit pound, which requires restrictions on lock workings at certain times.


Sump pound

The inverse of a summit pound is a sump pound. In contrast to a summit pound, a sump pound is a point where every boat entering or leaving the pound causes an addition of water.


Lock pound

A pound which lies between two locks which lie only a short distance apart. Water levels in the pound are liable to fluctuate as the locks are used.


Side pound

A particular type of extremely short lock pound, which is extended sideways to make up for the short distance between locks so as to avoid excessive level fluctuations. Side pounds should not be confused with side ponds (without the u).

Halden Canal

The Halden canal near Halden, Norway begun construction in 1852. The canal allows boats to make a journey parallel to the Swedish border of 75 km from Tistedal to Skulerud. Engebret Soot (1786 - 1859) was responsible for this canal, as well as the earlier Soot Canal.

Four sets of locks control the water in the canal. From 1857 - 1860 the Strømsfoss and Ørje locks were built. There are 3 locks at Ørje, with a combined lift height of 10 meters. The lock gates are controlled by hand. In 1865 the Stenselv river portion of the canal, with locks both at Krappeto, was completed. The Brekke locks, furthest south, were finished in 1924 with four locks and a combined lift height of 26.6 m, bypassing the greatest lift of the Telemark canal. The locks in the Halden Canal can pass vessels which are 24 m in length, 6 m in beam and of 1.6 m draft.


External links

  • canal museum (in Norwegian)

Enfield Falls Canal

Enfield Falls Canal is a canal that was built to circumvent the shallows at Enfield Falls on the Connecticut River. It is situated along the west side of the river, adjacent to the towns Suffield and Windsor Locks of Hartford County in the state of Connecticut, USA. Windsor Locks is named after the series of locks on the canal.

Prior to the opening of the canal, the scows or flat-bottomed boats which plied the Connecticut River could only carry some 10 or 12 tons over the falls, and any additional freight had to be offloaded and carried around the falls by ox teams. The boats then had to be poled through the rapids, requiring large teams of men to do this.

Construction of the canal commenced in 1824 and it was opened on November 11 1829. The canal was 5¼ miles (8.5 km) long and had a vertical drop of 32 ft (9.75 m). The locks admitted craft up to 90 ft (27 m) long and 20 ft (6 m) wide.

Once the canal was opened, boats were able to carry much larger loads, and steamboat services were introduced. However by 1844 the Hartford and Springfield Railroad had started operation, and navigation on the Connecticut River gradually reduced. However the canal obtained a new lease of life as a supplier of water power.

Today the canal is closed to navigation, but mostly still in water and used industrially. Most of the towpath is open for hiking and cycling. The canal is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.


References

  • Connecticut Heritage (Dorothy A. DeBisschop). The Canal at Windsor Locks. Retrieved January 20 2006.
  • American Canal Society (2004). Enfield Falls Canal. Retrieved January 20 2006.

Varistaipale canal

Varistaipale canal is a Finnish canal in Heinävesi. The canal is a part of Heinävesi route (Heinäveden reitti), a route with six canals: Kerma, Vihovuonne, Pilppa, Karvio, Taivallahti and Varistaipale canals. The canal was built in 1911–1913 and has four locks. It is the biggest canal in Finland being the only canal to have this many locks. The height of drop totals 14.5 meters and the length is 1,100 meters.

Next to the canal there is a canal museum.


See also

  • Saimaa canal, the longest canal in Finland


Sources

  • , Varistaipale canal, in Finnish
  • Heinäveden historia II (The History of Heinävesi II), 1989.

Canal pound

A canal pound is the stretch of level water impounded between two canal locks. Canal pounds can vary in length from the non-existent, where two or more immediately adjacent locks form a lock staircase, to many miles.


History

Pounds came into being with the development of Pound locks to replace the earlier flash locks. A key feature of pound locks was that the intervening level between locks remained largely constant, as opposed to the varible levels created by the opening of flash locks.


Types of pound

Pounds can be described in various ways according to their situation;


Summit pound

A summit pound is formed at a summit on the canal, and where all the defining locks descend from the pound. Summit pounds are particularly important in canal design, as every boat entering or leaving the pound causes a loss of water. Summit pounds therefore need an independent form of water supply, which may take the form of weirs on adjacent rivers, reservoirs or pumping stations. Common practice during canal design was to make summit pounds as large as practically possible, in order that losing a lockful of water would not lower the water level too significantly. The Rochdale Canal is a good example of a canal with a relatively short summit pound, which requires restrictions on lock workings at certain times.


Sump pound

The inverse of a summit pound is a sump pound. In contrast to a summit pound, a sump pound is a point where every boat entering or leaving the pound causes an addition of water.


Lock pound

A pound which lies between two locks which lie only a short distance apart. Water levels in the pound are liable to fluctuate as the locks are used.


Side pound

A particular type of extremely short lock pound, which is extended sideways to make up for the short distance between locks so as to avoid excessive level fluctuations. Side pounds should not be confused with side ponds (without the u).

Göta Canal

The Göta Canal () is a Swedish canal constructed in the early 19th century. The canal stretche from Gothenburg on the west coast, combined with the river Göta älv and the Trollhätte canal, through the large lakes Vänern and Vättern, in parallel with Motala ström, and to Söderköping on the Baltic Sea.

The architect was Baltzar von Platen, working to plans earlier developed at the request of the Swedish king by the Scottish civil engineer Thomas Telford; he got permission to begin to work on April 11, 1810 and the canal was officially opened on September 26, 1832. Telford himself travelled to Sweden in 1810 to oversee some of the initial excavations on the project.

Built only decades before the advent of railways, the canal was soon outdated, and never upgraded. The canal is a tourist attraction, sometimes called Sveriges blå band (”Sweden’s Blue Ribbon”).

To support the building of the canal with mechanical works, a small engineering workshop was established in Motala called Motala Verkstad. This industry has sometimes been referred to as cradle of the Swedish engineering industry.


In fiction

Several movies depict the canal, most notably the 1981 comedy Göta Kanal, in which two competing yacht constructors race the canal in order to win a huge construction stock order. In 2006, Göta Kanal 2 was released.


Locks

From the east-coast of Sweden all the way to the west-coast the locks are as follows:
(with meters per locks)

  • Mem, 3
  • Tegelbruket, 2.3
  • Söderköping, 2.4
  • Duvkullen nedre, 2.3
  • Duvkullen övre, 2.4
  • Mariehov nedre, 2.1
  • Mariehov övre, 2.6
  • Carlsborg nedre, 5.1
  • Carlsborg övre, 4.7
  • Klämman, open
  • Hulta, 3.2
  • Bråttom, 2.3
  • Norsholm, 0.8
  • Carl Johans slussar (seven locks), 18.8
  • Oskars slussar, 4.8
  • Karl Ludvig Eugéns slussar, 5.5
  • Brunnby, 5.3
  • Heda, 5.2
  • Borensberg, 0.2
  • Borenshult, 15.3
  • Motala, 0.1

Lake Vättern

  • Forsvik, 3.5
  • Tåtorp, 0.2
  • Hajstorp övre, 5.0
  • Hajstorp nedre, 5.1
  • Riksberg, 7.5
  • Godhögen, 5.1
  • Norrkvarn övre, 2.9
  • Norrkvarn nedre, 2.9
  • Sjötorp 7-8, 4.6
  • Sjötorp 6, 2.4
  • Sjötorp 4-5, 4.8
  • Sjötorp 2-3, 4.8
  • Sjötorp 1, 2.9


Photographs of the Göta Canal


Trivia

The canal is nicknamed “skilmässodiket” which translates to “divorce ditch”. The name refers to the stress endured by couples navigating the numerous locks in the canal.


See also

  • List of Swedish government enterprises


Bibliography

  • Eric de Maré, Swedish Cross Cut, Sweden, 1965. (In English)


External links

  • Göta Canal - Official site

Canal pound

A canal pound is the stretch of level water impounded between two canal locks. Canal pounds can vary in length from the non-existent, where two or more immediately adjacent locks form a lock staircase, to many miles.


History

Pounds came into being with the development of Pound locks to replace the earlier flash locks. A key feature of pound locks was that the intervening level between locks remained largely constant, as opposed to the varible levels created by the opening of flash locks.


Types of pound

Pounds can be described in various ways according to their situation;


Summit pound

A summit pound is formed at a summit on the canal, and where all the defining locks descend from the pound. Summit pounds are particularly important in canal design, as every boat entering or leaving the pound causes a loss of water. Summit pounds therefore need an independent form of water supply, which may take the form of weirs on adjacent rivers, reservoirs or pumping stations. Common practice during canal design was to make summit pounds as large as practically possible, in order that losing a lockful of water would not lower the water level too significantly. The Rochdale Canal is a good example of a canal with a relatively short summit pound, which requires restrictions on lock workings at certain times.


Sump pound

The inverse of a summit pound is a sump pound. In contrast to a summit pound, a sump pound is a point where every boat entering or leaving the pound causes an addition of water.


Lock pound

A pound which lies between two locks which lie only a short distance apart. Water levels in the pound are liable to fluctuate as the locks are used.


Side pound

A particular type of extremely short lock pound, which is extended sideways to make up for the short distance between locks so as to avoid excessive level fluctuations. Side pounds should not be confused with side ponds (without the u).

Hatherton Canal

The Hatherton Canal is a derelict branch of the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal in south Staffordshire, England.

When it was built it ran 4 miles (6 km) through eight locks from Hatherton Junction on the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal to Churchbridge Junction on the Churchbridge Branch (a short branch with thirteen locks) of the Cannock Extension Canal (a branch of the Wyrley and Essington Canal). It was completed in 1860. Subsidence due to mining caused its closure in 1955.

The canal is now part of an active restoration project. However, due to building on the cut, the current plans call for the canal to deviate from the original route in places. This includes new tunnels under the A5 road and a cluvert, already in place, over the M6 Toll motorway.


See also

  • Canals of Great Britain
  • History of the British canal system


External links

  • Lichfield & Hatherton Canals Restoration Trust

Chambly Canal

The Chambly Canal is a National Historic Site of Canada in the Province of Quebec, running along the Richelieu River past St-Jean-sur-Richelieu and Chambly. Building commenced in 1831 and the canal opened in 1843. It served as a major commercial route during a time of heightened trade between the United States and Canada. Trade dwindled after World War I, and as of the 1970s, traffic has been replaced by recreational vessels.

It is part of a waterway that connects the Saint Lawrence River with the Erie Canal in the United States. Lake Champlain and the Champlain Canal form the U.S. portion of the Lakes to Locks Passage.

William Lauder, a Scots-Quebecer stonemason, was one of the prime contractors who built the canal.

The Canal has 10 bridges and 8 hand operated and one hydraulic locks.

  • Draft: 1.98 m (6.5 ft)
  • Clearance: 8.84 m (29 ft)
  • Canal Length: 18.96 km (12 mi)
  • Dimensions of smallest lock: 33.52 m (110 ft) x 7 m (21 ft)
  • Passage time: 3 to 5 hours


External links

  • Official website

Elbląg Canal

Elbląg Canal (, ) is a canal in Poland, in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, 80.5 km in length, which runs southward from Lake Druzno (connected by the river Elbląg to the Vistula Lagoon), to the river Drwęca and lake Jeziorak. It can accommodate small vessels up to 50 tons displacement. The difference in water levels approaches 100 m, and is overcome using locks and a remarkable system of tracks between lakes.

Today it is used mainly for recreational purposes. It is considered one of the most significant monuments related to the history of technology on the territory of modern Poland.


History

The canal was designed in 1825-1844 by Georg Steenke, carrying out the commission given by the king of Prussia. Construction began in 1844. As the route was not important enough to justify building expensive, traditional locks between lakes, an ingenious system of tracks was employed instead, though the canal includes a few locks as well. Built originally under the name Oberländischer Kanal (Overland Canal) and situated in the Kingdom of Prussia, it was opened in 1860. Since 1945 the canal has been located in Poland. After wartime damage was repaired, it was restored to operation in 1948 and is now used for tourism.


External links

  • Official webpage
  • Photo gallery of the canal
  • Warsaw Voice article